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Humans use high-level partner representations to jointly control voluntary actions, while other work shows lower-level involuntary feedback responses to sudden visual perturbations. Yet, it is unknown if a high-level partner representation can be rapidly expressed through lower-level involuntary sensorimotor circuitry. Here, we test the idea that a partner representation influences involuntary visuomotor feedback responses during a cooperative sensorimotor task. Using two experiments and dynamic game theory predictions, we show that involuntary visuomotor feedback responses reflect a partner representation and consideration of a partner\u2019s movement cost (i.e., accuracy and energy). Collectively, our results suggest there is top-down modulation from high-level partner representations to lower-level sensorimotor circuits, enabling fast and flexible feedback responses during jointly coordinated actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.109734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:30:08Z","timestamp":1769095808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.109734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Involuntary feedback responses reflect a representation of partner actions"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-8292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seth R","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sbq1a82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware","place":["Newark, United 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