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The LC releases norepinephrine (NE) in infraslow (~0.02 Hz) bouts that gate NREM sleep spindles. Here, we demonstrate that heart rate (HR) fluctuations during NREM are tightly phase-locked to these NE rhythms, identifying the LC as a key driver of very-low-frequency HR variability (VLF-HRV), an understudied autonomic signal. Using optogenetics, transient LC inhibition blunts HR slowing, whereas LC activation produces rapid HR acceleration, demonstrating a direct LC-HR relationship during sleep that is maintained across a defined range of LC activity levels but breaks down when LC activity becomes excessive. We further show that infraslow HR variability is a cross-species marker of spindle-dependent memory processing. In mice, the amplitude of HR decelerations during NREM correlates with spindle activity and subsequent memory performance. Remarkably, human sleepers show the same pattern: stronger VLF-HR fluctuations during NREM correspond to increased spindle expression and better overnight memory retention. These findings reveal a mechanistic pathway through which graded changes in LC activity, up to a critical level, modulates autonomic physiology during sleep and identify infraslow HR variability as a non-invasive marker of brainstem function and memory-promoting sleep. Because LC degeneration occurs early in neurodegenerative disease, sleep-derived HR metrics may provide a scalable indicator of emerging neuromodulatory dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.110252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1773153015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.110252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-4212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sofie S","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, 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