{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:21:30Z","timestamp":1789017690453,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD099341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD099341"]}]},{"award":["HD099341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD099341"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD105800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD105800"]}]},{"award":["HD105800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD105800"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012756","name":"Lalor Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vpdge44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NGP10125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGP10125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["NGP10125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGP10125"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01d35cw23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Adult stem cells are thought to drive the regenerative potential of the endometrium and contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis; however, their identity and defining features remain to be characterized. Here, we used in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity (ALDH\n                    <jats:sup>HI<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells) were long-lived progenitors in the endometrium with a higher organoid formation capacity, long-term passaging potential, and stemness gene signatures. Using lineage tracing with an\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Aldh1a1\n                      <jats:sup>creERT2\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; Rosa26\n                      <jats:sup>LSL-tdTomato<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    reporter mouse,\n                    <jats:italic>Aldh1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    epithelial cells expanded during postnatal development,\n                    <jats:italic>Aldh1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stromal cells expanded during estrous cycling, and both populations of\n                    <jats:italic>Aldh1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were present during postpartum repair. In response to ovariectomy or exogenous estradiol, we found that ALDH1A1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells localized to glandular crypts of the endometrium or throughout the luminal epithelium, respectively, indicating that their spatial localization is hormone-sensitive. Functionally, we found that selective ablation of ALDH1A1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Aldh1a1\n                      <jats:sup>creERT2\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; Rosa26\n                      <jats:sup>LSL-DTR<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice decreased endometrial gland number and FOXA2 expression. These findings were recapitulated in the human endometrium, where endometrial epithelial organoids with high ALDH activity (ALDH\n                    <jats:sup>HI<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells) showed a higher organoid formation capacity than ALDH\n                    <jats:sup>LO<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells and displayed unique transcriptomes with fewer luminal-like ciliated cells. Overall, our studies indicate that ALDH1A1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells are hormone-sensitive adult stem cells in the endometrium with regenerative potential that are critical for endometrial development and function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.110975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:31:10Z","timestamp":1778081470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.110975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endometrial cells with high ALDH activity contribute to uterine development and regeneration"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Suni","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4678-1469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Catherine","family":"Unser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Peixin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sydney E","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Genesis J","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Alpuing Radilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Brooke A","family":"Thigpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-6392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Monsivais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-011723-021442","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanisms of regeneration and fibrosis in the endometrium","volume":"39","author":"Ang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01401-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Unique functional responses differentially map onto genetic subtypes of dopamine neurons","volume":"26","author":"Azcorra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.720","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-7 regulates Snail signaling in carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis in the rat liver","volume":"4","author":"Bi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endometriosis caused by retrograde menstruation: now demonstrated by DNA evidence","volume":"118","author":"Bulun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.0228","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estrogen induces retinoid receptor expression in mouse cervical epithelia","volume":"226","author":"Celli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115045","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of tamoxifen administration regimen optimization for Cre\/loxp system in mouse bone study","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.95141","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced TGFBI maintains glioma stem cells by stabilizing EphA2","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.260594","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Revisiting the significance of keratin expression in complex epithelia","volume":"135","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.108805","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Significance of stress keratin expression in normal and diseased epithelia","volume":"27","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of the extracellular matrix protein TGFBI in cancer","volume":"84","author":"Corona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellular Signalling"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086378","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evidence from a mouse model that epithelial cell migration and mesenchymal-epithelial transition contribute to rapid restoration of uterine tissue integrity during menstruation","volume":"9","author":"Cousins","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.640319","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The elusive endometrial epithelial stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"9","author":"Cousins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0190","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification and characterization of human endometrial mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells and their potential for cellular therapy","volume":"5","author":"Darzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"bib14","first-page":"218","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Apoptosis in endometrium of mouse during estrous cycle","volume":"39","author":"Dharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.047035","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cells expressing PAX8 are the main source of homeostatic regeneration of adult mouse endometrial epithelium and give rise to serous endometrial carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disease Models & Mechanisms"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00972-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mapping the temporal and spatial dynamics of the human endometrium in vivo and in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Garcia-Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107631","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo cell fate tracing provides no evidence for mesenchymal to epithelial transition in adult fallopian tube and uterus","volume":"31","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey336","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Abnormally located SSEA1+\/SOX9+ endometrial epithelial cells with a basalis-like phenotype in the eutopic functionalis layer may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Hapangama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6408(1999)25:4<353::AID-DVG9>3.0.CO;2-G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct functions for Aldh1 and Raldh2 in the control of ligand production for embryonic retinoid signaling pathways","volume":"25","author":"Haselbeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Genetics"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.088161","type":"journal-article","article-title":"WNTs in the neonatal mouse uterus: Potential regulation of endometrial gland development","volume":"84","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044285","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stromal-to-epithelial transition during postpartum endometrial regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107400","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological importance of the CYP26 retinoic acid hydroxylases","volume":"204","author":"Isoherranen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814597116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bipotent stem cells support the cyclical regeneration of endometrial epithelium of the murine uterus","volume":"116","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-021-03453-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification and characterisation of maternal perivascular SUSD2+ placental mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells","volume":"385","author":"Khanmohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77663","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing confirm mesenchyme to epithelial transformation (MET) contributes to repair of the endometrium at menstruation","volume":"11","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806862116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Uterine double-conditional inactivation of Smad2 and Smad3 in mice causes endometrial dysregulation, infertility, and uterine cancer","volume":"116","author":"Kriseman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04619-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SMAD2\/3 signaling in the uterine epithelium controls endometrial cell homeostasis and regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Kriseman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00947-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental & Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2725","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endometriosis results from the dislocation of basal endometrium","volume":"17","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65139-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of perivascular cells contributes to endometrial re-epithelialization","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00041-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Expression of ALDH1A isozymes in human endometrium with and without endometriosis and in ovarian endometrioma","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain","volume":"13","author":"Madisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01873-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An integrated single-cell reference atlas of the human endometrium","volume":"56","author":"Mare\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.3727\/096368911X637362","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel marker of human endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells","volume":"21","author":"Masuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.04.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endometrial stem\/progenitor cells in menstrual blood and peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis","volume":"43","author":"Masuda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02031","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinoic acid-dependent eye morphogenesis is orchestrated by neural crest cells","volume":"132","author":"Matt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wnt5a is required for proper epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the uterus","volume":"131","author":"Mericskay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.16.3201","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wnt-7a maintains appropriate uterine patterning during the development of the mouse female reproductive tract","volume":"125","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806838116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inactivation in the mouse uterus results in metastatic endometrial carcinoma","volume":"116","author":"Monsivais","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.125724","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neonatal uterine and vaginal cell proliferation and adenogenesis are independent of Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) in the Mouse1","volume":"92","author":"Nanjappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1839","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Differential expression of Wnt signaling molecules between pre- and postmenopausal endometrial epithelial cells suggests a population of putative epithelial stem\/progenitor cells reside in the basalis layer","volume":"153","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex289","type":"journal-article","article-title":"N-cadherin identifies human endometrial epithelial progenitor cells by in vitro stem cell assays","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01925-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis: Lessons from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Niayesh-Mehr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1890","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement of a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum by high-sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"156","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002334","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Developmental estrogen exposure in mice disrupts uterine epithelial cell differentiation and causes adenocarcinoma via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and PI3K\/AKT signaling","volume":"21","author":"Padilla-Banks","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2518507122","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TGFBR2 coordinates the endometrial response to estrogen, regulating endometrial hyperplasia and fertility","volume":"122","author":"Parks","year":"2025","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0435","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition contributes to endometrial regeneration following natural and artificial decidualization","volume":"22","author":"Patterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells and Development"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22417","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generation and characterization of a tamoxifen-inducible Eomes(CreER) mouse line","volume":"51","author":"Pimeisl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00587-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The multifaceted role of autophagy in endometrium homeostasis and disease","volume":"29","author":"Popli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4230425","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beclin-1-dependent autophagy, but not apoptosis, is critical for stem-cell-mediated endometrial programming and the establishment of pregnancy","volume":"58","author":"Popli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0203-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mapping projections of molecularly defined dopamine neuron subtypes using intersectional genetic approaches","volume":"21","author":"Poulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0774-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The complexities and caveats of lineage tracing in the mammary gland","volume":"18","author":"Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107568","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha regulates uterine epithelial lineage specification and homeostasis","volume":"26","author":"Rizo","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"bib54","first-page":"93","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation","volume":"3","author":"Sampson","year":"1927","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13363-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neonatal Wnt-dependent Lgr5 positive stem cells are essential for uterine gland development","volume":"10","author":"Seishima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316410120","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single-cell insights into epithelial morphogenesis in the neonatal mouse uterus","volume":"120","author":"Spencer","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9118","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Isolation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors on the basis of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity","volume":"96","author":"Storms","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clonal expansion and diversification of cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis and normal endometrium","volume":"24","author":"Suda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.11.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endometrial Axin2+ cells drive epithelial homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer following oncogenic transformation","volume":"26","author":"Syed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294236","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SRplot: A free online platform for data visualization and graphing","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/64448","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Establishing 3D endometrial organoids from the mouse uterus","volume":"191","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.3399","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Decreased cellular retinol-binding protein expression coincides with the loss of retinol responsiveness in rat cervical epithelial cells","volume":"230","author":"Tannous-Khuri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2005.00103.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ALK-5 inhibitor A-83-01 inhibits Smad signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"96","author":"Tojo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Science"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det285","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SSEA-1 isolates human endometrial basal glandular epithelial cells: phenotypic and functional characterization and implications in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"28","author":"Valentijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.10.7696","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Expression of enzymes synthesizing (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and reinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2) and metabolizaing (Cyp26) retinoic acid in the mouse female reproductive system","volume":"141","author":"Vermot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22973","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Volumetric imaging of the developing prepubertal mouse uterine epithelium using light sheet microscopy","volume":"85","author":"Vue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1040-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.08.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maternal and embryonic signals cause functional differentiation of luminal epithelial cells and receptivity establishment","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-10236-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mesenchymal-epithelial transition supports rapid repair of the endometrial epithelium during postpartum uterine regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The cycling and aging mouse female reproductive tract at single-cell resolution","volume":"187","author":"Winkler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0302","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circulating hormones and estrous stage predict cellular and stromal remodeling in murine uterus","volume":"133","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.05.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reconstructing lineage hierarchies of mouse uterus epithelial development using single-cell analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2416089122","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retinoic acid antagonizes estrogen signaling to maintain adult uterine cell fate","volume":"122","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","type":"journal-article","article-title":"clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8094","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413102200","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bone morphogenic protein-7 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition in adult renal fibroblasts and facilitates regeneration of injured kidney","volume":"280","author":"Zeisberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"dataset1","type":"dataset","article-title":"ALDH1A1+ cells are endometrial progenitors contributing to regeneration and endometriosis","volume-title":"NCBI BioProject","author":"Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang S, Unser AC, Jiang P, Parks SE, Herrera GJ, Geng T, Radilla LA, Thigpen BA, Guan X, Monsivais D. 2025. ALDH1A1+ cells are endometrial progenitors contributing to regeneration and endometriosis. NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/?term=GSE294342. GSE294342."},{"key":"dataset2","type":"dataset","article-title":"Endometrial Axin2+ cells drive epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, and develop endometrial cancer following oncogenic transformation","volume-title":"NCBI BioProject","author":"Syed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Syed SM, Tanwar PS. 2020. Endometrial Axin2+ cells drive epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, and develop endometrial cancer following oncogenic transformation. NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/?term=GSE140222. GSE140222."}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/110975\/elife-110975-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/110975\/elife-110975-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/110975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:54:42Z","timestamp":1787561682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/110975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.110975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.110975","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6831916\/v2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"references":[{"id-type":"accession","id":"GSE140222","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.110975.3","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.110975.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.110975.2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"accession","id":"GSE294342","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP110975"}}