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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with juvenile experience-dependent primary visual cortex (V1) plasticity, yet little is known about their role in this process in the adult V1. Activation of MMPs is a crucial step facilitating structural changes in a healthy brain; however, upon brain injury, upregulated MMPs promote the spread of a lesion and impair recovery. To clarify these seemingly opposing outcomes of MMP-activation, we examined the effects of MMP-inhibition on experience-induced plasticity in healthy and stoke-affected adult mice. In healthy animals, 7-day application of MMP-inhibitor prevented visual plasticity. Additionally, treatment with MMP-inhibitor once but not twice following stroke rescued plasticity, normally lost under these conditions. Our data imply that an optimal level of MMP-activity is crucial for adult visual plasticity to occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.11290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T07:37:41Z","timestamp":1448523461000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Optimal level activity of matrix metalloproteinases is critical for adult visual plasticity in the healthy and stroke-affected brain"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Pielecka-Fortuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Neuroscience, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Kalogeraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Neuroscience, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology, 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