{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:26:23Z","timestamp":1793417183305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Contract No.HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Contract No.HHSN272201400008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Multinational Influenza Seasonal Mortality Study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Multinational Influenza Seasonal Mortality Study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asia is considered an important source of influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics, owing to large, diverse viral reservoirs in poultry and swine. However, the zoonotic origins of the 2009 A\/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (pdmH1N1) remain unclear, due to conflicting evidence from swine and humans. There is strong evidence that the first human outbreak of pdmH1N1 occurred in Mexico in early 2009. However, no related swine viruses have been detected in Mexico or any part of the Americas, and to date the most closely related ancestor viruses were identified in Asian swine. Here, we use 58 new whole-genome sequences from IAVs collected in Mexican swine to establish that the swine virus responsible for the 2009 pandemic evolved in central Mexico. This finding highlights how the 2009 pandemic arose from a region not considered a pandemic risk, owing to an expansion of IAV diversity in swine resulting from long-distance live swine trade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.16777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T19:59:54Z","timestamp":1467057594000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":323,"title":["Origins of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in swine in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"},{"name":"Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha I","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Epidemiology 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