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Intriguingly, infections with low or undetected blood parasites are common, particularly in the case of Human African Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. We hypothesise, therefore, the skin represents an anatomic reservoir of infection. Here we definitively show that substantial quantities of trypanosomes exist within the skin following experimental infection, which can be transmitted to the tsetse vector, even in the absence of detectable parasitaemia. Importantly, we demonstrate the presence of extravascular parasites in human skin biopsies from undiagnosed individuals. The identification of this novel reservoir requires a re-evaluation of current diagnostic methods and control policies. More broadly, our results indicate that transmission is a key evolutionary force driving parasite extravasation that could further result in tissue invasion-dependent pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.17716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T20:01:10Z","timestamp":1474488070000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":290,"title":["The skin is a significant but overlooked anatomical reservoir for vector-borne African trypanosomes"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Capewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"},{"name":"College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Henry Wellcome Building for Comparative Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United 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