{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:24:14Z","timestamp":1793049854154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["266592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["266592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886\u20131994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.20320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1481612447000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Aline","family":"Jelenkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Mi","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Sund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisira H","family":"Siribaddana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hotopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athula","family":"Sumathipala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fruhling","family":"Rijsdijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengchang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Aaltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kauko","family":"Heikkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevgi Y","family":"\u00d6ncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazil","family":"Aliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States"},{"name":"Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Rebato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam D","family":"Tarnoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Tarnoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaare","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Skytthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten O","family":"Kyvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy L","family":"Silberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindon J","family":"Eaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermine H","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa L","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R","family":"Ordo\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan F","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Romera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Colodro-Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Cozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"},{"name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amie E","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"},{"name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joohon","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Mi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol E","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Kremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States"},{"name":"VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Busjahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Colorado, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith E","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry L","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Gatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"Stazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Fagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"D'Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen E","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedra","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A","family":"Derom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F","family":"Vlietinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth JF","family":"Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"},{"name":"The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas G","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Medland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant W","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoe-Uk","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary E","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Krasnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik KE","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K","family":"Dahl-Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network \u2013 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom A","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalia C","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice M","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Tynelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Tuvblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States"},{"name":"School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gombojav","family":"Bayasgalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danshiitsoodol","family":"Narandalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mangino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Lachance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toos CEM","family":"van Beijsterveldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonneke","family":"Willemsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Alexandra","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L","family":"Klump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingunn","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Sevenius","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"McGue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shandell","family":"Pahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P","family":"Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob v B","family":"Hjelmborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack H","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujio","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finn","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke M","family":"Huibregtse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorret I","family":"Boomsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorkild I A","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karri","family":"Silventoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"The Growth of Humanity","author":"Bogin","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-010-9200-6","article-title":"OpenMx: An Open Source Extended Structural Equation Modeling Framework","volume":"76","author":"Boker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0079","article-title":"Adult height and childhood disease","volume":"46","author":"Bozzoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.357","article-title":"A large-scale genome-wide association study of asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits","volume":"41","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-677X(02)00033-3","article-title":"The secular trend in human physical growth: a biological view","volume":"1","author":"Cole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Economics & Human Biology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5016","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800221105","article-title":"The rise and fall of excess male infant mortality","volume":"105","author":"Drevenstedt","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"Worldwide Variation in Human Growth","author":"Eveleth","year":"1990"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0080456800012163","article-title":"XV.\u2014The correlation between relatives on the supposition of mendelian Inheritance","volume":"52","author":"Fisher","year":"1919","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2307\/2841583","article-title":"Regression towards mediocrity in heriditary stature","volume":"15","author":"Galton","year":"1886","journal-title":"Journal of the Anthropological Institute"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1280-9","article-title":"Genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies three novel loci for human height","volume":"132","author":"Hao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.144","article-title":"Genetic influences on the difference in variability of height, weight and body mass index between caucasian and east asian adolescent twins","volume":"32","author":"Hur","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28496","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28496","article-title":"Heritability of height from infancy to early adulthood in pooled data of 45 twin cohorts","volume":"6","author":"Jelenkovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.57","article-title":"Zygosity differences in height and body mass index of twins from\u00a0infancy to old age: A study of the CODATwins\u00a0project","volume":"18","author":"Jelenkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09410","article-title":"Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height","volume":"467","author":"Lango Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1659","article-title":"Effects of age on genetic influence on bone loss over 17 years in women: the healthy ageing Twin Study (HATS)","volume":"27","author":"Moayyeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002298","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/58c67154-3f10-4155-9085-dcd6e3689008","article-title":"Identification, replication, and fine-mapping of Loci associated with adult height in individuals of african ancestry","volume":"7","author":"N'Diaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"bib17","volume-title":"Handout on Health: Osteoporosis","author":"National Institute of Arthritis and musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","year":"2014","unstructured":"National Institute of Arthritis and musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2014. Handout on Health: Osteoporosis. http:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health_info\/Osteoporosis\/default.asp [Accessed Accessed April, 2016]."},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13410","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13410","article-title":"A century of trends in adult human height","volume":"5","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8018-2","volume-title":"Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families","author":"Neale","year":"1992"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/2.4.357","article-title":"On the laws on inheritance in man","volume":"2","author":"Pearson","year":"1903","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030097","article-title":"Combined genome scans for body stature in 6,602 European twins: evidence for common Caucasian loci","volume":"3","author":"Perola","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-012-0161-5","article-title":"Why is infant mortality higher in boys than in girls? A new hypothesis based on preconception environment and evidence from a large sample of twins","volume":"50","author":"Pongou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1375\/136905202762342026","article-title":"Variance components models for gene-environment interaction in twin analysis","volume":"5","author":"Purcell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Twin Research"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3401","article-title":"Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe","volume":"47","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.29","article-title":"The CODATwins\u00a0project: The cohort description of collaborative project of development of Anthropometrical measures in twins to study Macro-environmental variation in genetic and environmental effects on Anthropometric traits","volume":"18","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.4.627","article-title":"Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women","volume":"90","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1375\/136905203770326402","article-title":"Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries","volume":"6","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Twin Research"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932003002633","article-title":"Determinants of variation in adult body height","volume":"35","author":"Silventoinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eeh.2008.12.001","article-title":"Heights and human welfare: recent developments and new directions","volume":"46","author":"Steckel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Explorations in Economic History"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12165","article-title":"Evolutionary perspectives on human height variation","volume":"91","author":"Stulp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.256.1.51","article-title":"A twin study of human obesity","volume":"256","author":"Stunkard","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3097","article-title":"Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height","volume":"46","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/20320\/elife-20320-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/20320\/elife-20320-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/20320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:57:18Z","timestamp":1697057838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/20320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.20320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.20320","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.20320.007","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.20320.006","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"article-number":"e20320"}}