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We used a biophysical model to unmask mechanisms underlying the history-dependence of conduction. The model replicates activity in the unmyelinated axon of the crustacean stomatogastric pyloric dilator neuron. At the timescale of a single burst, conduction delay has a non-monotonic relationship with instantaneous frequency, which depends on the gating rates of the fast voltage-gated Na+ current. At the slower timescale of minutes, the mean value and variability of conduction delay increase. These effects are because of hyperpolarization of the baseline membrane potential by the Na+\/K+ pump, balanced by an h-current, both of which affect the gating of the Na+ current. We explore the mechanisms of history-dependence of conduction delay in axons and develop an empirical equation that accurately predicts this history-dependence, both in the model and in experimental measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.25382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T08:00:21Z","timestamp":1499673621000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ionic mechanisms underlying history-dependence of conduction delay in an unmyelinated axon"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-2895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dirk","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federated Department of Biological 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