{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:27Z","timestamp":1792790427146,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM122510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM122510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI048689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI048689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK064540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK064540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31DK107057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31DK107057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK101171-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK101171-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["621-2013-5379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["621-2013-5379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-14-CE09-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-14-CE09-0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Paris Pasteur University","award":["Graduate Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graduate Research Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011912","name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lucille P. Markey Pathway for Pathobiology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lucille P. Markey Pathway for Pathobiology"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011912","name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Monsanto Excellence Fund Graduate Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Monsanto Excellence Fund Graduate Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), which cause urinary tract infections (UTI), utilize type 1 pili, a chaperone usher pathway (CUP) pilus, to cause UTI and colonize the gut. The pilus rod, comprised of repeating FimA subunits, provides a structural scaffold for displaying the tip adhesin, FimH. We solved the 4.2 \u00c5 resolution structure of the type 1 pilus rod using cryo-electron microscopy. Residues forming the interactive surfaces that determine the mechanical properties of the rod were maintained by selection based on a global alignment of fimA sequences. We identified mutations that did not alter pilus production in vitro but reduced the force required to unwind the rod. UPEC expressing these mutant pili were significantly attenuated in bladder infection and intestinal colonization in mice. This study elucidates an unappreciated functional role for the molecular spring-like property of type 1 pilus rods in host-pathogen interactions and carries important implications for other pilus-mediated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.31662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T08:03:57Z","timestamp":1516262637000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Functional role of the type 1 pilus rod structure in mediating host-pathogen interactions"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7582-3816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caitlin N","family":"Spaulding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4501-9886","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"IV","given":"Henry Louis","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen W","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie E","family":"Hazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt S","family":"Conover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-4923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pontus","family":"Svenmarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7538-5441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Areli","family":"Luna-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-5314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivera","family":"Francetic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-3263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magnus","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8785-564X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott","family":"Hultgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4844-5212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edward H","family":"Egelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.15.5145-5148.1992","article-title":"Glycerol-induced unraveling of the tight helical conformation of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae","volume":"174","author":"Abraham","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","article-title":"PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution","volume":"66","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90440-4","article-title":"Tightly regulated tac promoter vectors useful for the expression of unfused and fused proteins in Escherichia coli","volume":"69","author":"Amann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502040102","article-title":"Evasion of Toll-like receptor 5 by flagellated bacteria","volume":"102","author":"Andersen-Nissen","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084550","article-title":"Intracellular bacterial biofilm-like pods in urinary tract infections","volume":"301","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044020","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/13\/4\/044020","article-title":"Optimizing active and passive calibration of optical tweezers","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Optics"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.110643","article-title":"The biomechanical properties of E. coli pili for urinary tract attachment reflect the host environment","volume":"93","author":"Andersson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"key":"bib8","article-title":"ot-control","volume-title":"GitHub","author":"Andersson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersson M. 2018. ot-control. GitHub. 6.3.3.1a. https:\/\/github.com\/bphysgroup\/ot-control."},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.3.1229","article-title":"Effect of recombination on the accuracy of the likelihood method for detecting positive selection at amino acid sites","volume":"164","author":"Anisimova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000617","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000617","article-title":"The bacterial fimbrial tip acts as a mechanical force sensor","volume":"9","author":"Aprikian","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11358","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911328107","article-title":"Force-dependent polymorphism in type IV pili reveals hidden epitopes","volume":"107","author":"Biais","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","article-title":"BLAST+: architecture and applications","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909042073","article-title":"MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1019","article-title":"Quality control of disulfide bond formation in pilus subunits by the chaperone FimC","volume":"8","author":"Crespo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Chemical Biology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109ra115","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003021","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection with orally active FimH inhibitors","volume":"3","author":"Cusumano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297","article-title":"One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products","volume":"97","author":"Datsenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq429","article-title":"Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology","volume":"26","author":"Delport","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3286","article-title":"Atomic-accuracy models from 4.5-\u00c5 cryo-electron microscopy data with density-guided iterative local refinement","volume":"12","author":"DiMaio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707369114","article-title":"Antibody-induced uncoating of human rhinovirus B14","volume":"114","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3991(00)00062-0","article-title":"A robust algorithm for the reconstruction of helical filaments using single-particle methods","volume":"85","author":"Egelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.02.001","article-title":"The current revolution in cryo-EM","volume":"110","author":"Egelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493","article-title":"Features and development of coot","volume":"66","author":"Emsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410019642","article-title":"The natural course of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women illustrated by a randomized placebo controlled study","volume":"36","author":"Ferry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W30","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv397","article-title":"HMMER web server: 2015 update","volume":"43","author":"Finn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003","article-title":"Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden","volume":"28","author":"Foxman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infectious disease clinics of North America"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1996.0030","article-title":"SPIDER and WEB: processing and visualization of images in 3D electron microscopy and related fields","volume":"116","author":"Frank","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155307","article-title":"Divergence of quaternary structures among bacterial flagellar filaments","volume":"320","author":"Galkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00820","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00820-15","article-title":"Human urine decreases function and expression of type 1 Pili in uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.152","article-title":"Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding","volume":"27","author":"Gui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11691","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201505065","article-title":"Hybrid structure of the type 1 Pilus of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"54","author":"Habenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001042","article-title":"Early severe inflammatory responses to uropathogenic E. coli predispose to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"6","author":"Hannan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.049","article-title":"Structure of a chaperone-usher pilus reveals the molecular basis of rod uncoiling","volume":"164","author":"Hospenthal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2017.10.004","article-title":"The Cryoelectron microscopy structure of the type 1 chaperone-usher pilus Rod","volume":"25","author":"Hospenthal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.116","article-title":"A murine model of urinary tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Hung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.11.4445-4451.1992","article-title":"Adhesin presentation in bacteria requires molecular chaperones and ushers","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2081","article-title":"FimH adhesin of type 1 pili is assembled into a fibrillar tip structure in the Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"92","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308125100","article-title":"Differentiation and developmental pathways of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in urinary tract pathogenesis","volume":"101","author":"Justice","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00355-06","article-title":"Maturation of intracellular Escherichia coli communities requires SurA","volume":"74","author":"Justice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","article-title":"Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data","volume":"28","author":"Kearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D574","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1209","article-title":"Ensembl genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity","volume":"44","author":"Kersey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5010009","article-title":"Application and optimization of relE as a negative selection marker for making definitive genetic constructs in uropathogenic escherichia coli","volume":"5","author":"Khetrapal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi105","article-title":"Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection","volume":"22","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr125","article-title":"A random effects branch-site model for detecting episodic diversifying selection","volume":"28","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl051","article-title":"Automated phylogenetic detection of recombination using a genetic algorithm","volume":"23","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00283-12","article-title":"Distinguishing the contribution of type 1 pili from that of other QseB-misregulated factors when QseC is absent during urinary tract infection","volume":"80","author":"Kostakioti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210309109","article-title":"Rate and molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations in the bacterium Escherichia coli as determined by whole-genome sequencing","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2552","article-title":"Recombinational basis of serovar diversity in Salmonella enterica","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2472","article-title":"Electron counting and beam-induced motion correction enable near-atomic-resolution single-particle cryo-EM","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.48.556.69","article-title":"Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women","volume":"48","author":"Mabeck","year":"1972","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.12.2803","article-title":"Type 1 pilus-mediated bacterial invasion of bladder epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-8477(03)00069-8","article-title":"Accurate determination of local defocus and specimen tilt in electron microscopy","volume":"142","author":"Mindell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03393","article-title":"P-fimbriae in the presence of anti-PapA antibodies: new insight of antibodies action against pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Mortezaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1494","article-title":"Induction and evasion of host defenses by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"282","author":"Mulvey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-07","article-title":"Evolution of the chaperone\/usher assembly pathway: fimbrial classification goes Greek","volume":"71","author":"Nuccio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera--a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Chemistry"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti320","article-title":"Datamonkey: rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments","volume":"21","author":"Pond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib59","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704725114","article-title":"Subunit conformational variation within individual GroEL oligomers resolved by Cryo-EM","volume":"114","author":"Roh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5430.1058","article-title":"Structural basis of chaperone function and pilus biogenesis","volume":"285","author":"Sauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01050-4","article-title":"Chaperone priming of pilus subunits facilitates a topological transition that drives fiber formation","volume":"111","author":"Sauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160070497","article-title":"Snapshots of usher-mediated protein secretion and ordered pilus assembly","volume":"97","author":"Saulino","year":"2000","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1086\/315827","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in young women","volume":"182","author":"Scholes","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaf1283","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf1283","article-title":"Bacterial virulence phenotypes of Escherichia coli and host susceptibility determine risk for urinary tract infections","volume":"9","author":"Schreiber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59430-4_6","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-5 and the innate immune response to bacterial flagellin","volume":"270","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Topics Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5010030","article-title":"Adhesive Pili in UTI pathogenesis and drug development","volume":"5","author":"Spaulding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22972","article-title":"Selective depletion of uropathogenic E. coli from the gut by a FimH antagonist","volume":"546","author":"Spaulding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150802429642","article-title":"A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers","volume":"57","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446","article-title":"RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models","volume":"22","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2016.07.009","article-title":"Resolution advances in cryo-EM enable application to drug discovery","volume":"41","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2006.05.009","article-title":"EMAN2: an extensible image processing suite for electron microscopy","volume":"157","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib73","article-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc","author":"RStudio Team\u00a0","year":"2015","unstructured":"RStudio Team\u00a0. 2015. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc. Boston, MA. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2298","article-title":"The population genetics of commensal Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Tenaillon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2356852","article-title":"Calibration of optical tweezers with positional detection in the back focal plane","volume":"77","author":"Toli\u0107-N\u00f8rrelykke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Review of Scientific Instruments"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2017.05.016","article-title":"Advances in high-resolution cryo-EM of oligomeric enzymes","volume":"46","author":"Vonck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.10.029","article-title":"Intramolecular donor strand complementation in the e. coli type 1 pilus subunit fima explains the existence of fima monomers as off-pathway products of pilus assembly that inhibit host cell apoptosis","volume":"426","author":"Walczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3287","article-title":"De novo protein structure determination from near-atomic-resolution cryo-EM maps","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404028101","article-title":"Protozoan predation, diversifying selection, and the evolution of antigenic diversity in Salmonella","volume":"101","author":"Wildschutte","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7657","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7657-7668.2005","article-title":"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli flagella aid in efficient urinary tract colonization","volume":"73","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00952.x","article-title":"Development of intracellular bacterial communities of uropathogenic Escherichia coli depends on type 1 pili","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cellular Microbiology"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052835","article-title":"Chaperone-usher fimbriae of Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Wurpel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-012-0814-8","article-title":"Helix-like biopolymers can act as dampers of force for bacteria in flows","volume":"41","author":"Zakrisson","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Biophysics Journal"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.199","article-title":"The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urology","volume":"12","author":"Zowawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Urology"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/31662\/elife-31662-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/31662\/elife-31662-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/31662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:48:51Z","timestamp":1697057331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/31662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.31662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.31662","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/?term=PRJNA269984","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31662.031","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31662.030","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"article-number":"e31662"}}