{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1790074383840,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR061370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR061370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL007676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL007676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY022362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY022362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16POST30990070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16POST30990070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010470","name":"Gillson Longenbaugh Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010470","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL120140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL120140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Skeletal muscle from\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice is characterized by increased Nox2 ROS, altered microtubule network, increased muscle stiffness, and decreased muscle\/respiratory function. While microtubule de-tyrosination has been suggested to increase stiffness and Nox2 ROS production in isolated single myofibers, its role in altering tissue stiffness and muscle function has not been established. Because Nox2 ROS production is upregulated prior to microtubule network alterations and ROS affect microtubule formation, we investigated the role of Nox2 ROS in diaphragm tissue microtubule organization, stiffness and muscle\/respiratory function. Eliminating Nox2 ROS prevents microtubule disorganization and reduces fibrosis and muscle stiffness in\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    diaphragm. Fibrosis accounts for the majority of variance in diaphragm stiffness and decreased function, implicating altered extracellular matrix and not microtubule de-tyrosination as a modulator of diaphragm tissue function. Ultimately, inhibiting Nox2 ROS production increased force and respiratory function in dystrophic diaphragm, establishing Nox2 as a potential therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.31732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T08:00:33Z","timestamp":1517299233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.31732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["NADPH oxidase mediates microtubule alterations and diaphragm dysfunction in dystrophic mice"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3524-5775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James Anthony","family":"Loehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9447-719X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya R","family":"Cully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rituraj","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina V","family":"Larina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill V","family":"Larin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston","place":["Houston, United States"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University","place":["Tomsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6968-1516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George G","family":"Rodney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C661","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00061.2007","article-title":"Implication of the satellite cell in dystrophic muscle fibrosis: a self-perpetuating mechanism of collagen overproduction","volume":"293","author":"Alexakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200307-885ST","article-title":"Respiratory care of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ATS consensus statement","volume":"170","author":"Finder","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12443","article-title":"Diaphragm degeneration and cardiac structure in mdx mouse: potential clinical implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"228","author":"Barbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E15-07-0489","article-title":"An mDia1-INF2 formin activation cascade facilitated by IQGAP1 regulates stable microtubules in migrating cells","volume":"27","author":"Bartolini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Biology of the Cell"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323842111","article-title":"Microtubule binding distinguishes dystrophin from utrophin","volume":"111","author":"Belanto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4951","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddw318","article-title":"Independent variability of microtubule perturbations associated with dystrophinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Belanto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008411","article-title":"A Wnt-TGF\u03b22 axis induces a fibrogenic program in muscle stem cells from dystrophic mice","volume":"6","author":"Biressi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-4-6","article-title":"Andrographolide attenuates skeletal muscle dystrophy in mdx mice and increases efficiency of cell therapy by reducing fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Cabrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skeletal Muscle"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/981945","article-title":"Mechanical and electrophysiological properties of the sarcolemma of muscle fibers in two murine models of muscle dystrophy: col6a1-\/- and mdx","volume":"2010","author":"Canato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.005","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking does not dictate stiffness in a transgenic mouse model of skeletal muscle fibrosis","volume":"48","author":"Chapman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2013.10.026","article-title":"Hypothiocyanous acid oxidation of tubulin cysteines inhibits microtubule polymerization","volume":"541","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.1.129","article-title":"Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles","volume":"52","author":"Close","year":"1972","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.1.175","article-title":"Rho guanosine triphosphatase mediates the selective stabilization of microtubules induced by lysophosphatidic acid","volume":"141","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1772::AID-MUS21>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Stiffness of knee extensors in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"21","author":"Cornu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0605a.x","article-title":"Muscle and joint elastic properties during elbow flexion in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"533","author":"Cornu","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23341","article-title":"A new model of experimental fibrosis in hindlimb skeletal muscle of adult mdx mouse mimicking muscular dystrophy","volume":"45","author":"Desguerre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181aa31c2","article-title":"Endomysial fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a marker of poor outcome associated with macrophage alternative activation","volume":"68","author":"Desguerre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1832-6","volume-title":"Wave Propagation in Structure: Spectral Analysis Using Fast Discrete Fourier Transforms","author":"Doyle","year":"1997"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(75)80146-8","article-title":"Stereological analysis of mammalian skeletal muscle. II. White vastus muscle of the adult guinea pig","volume":"51","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrastructure Research"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000068446","article-title":"The heart in human dystrophinopathies","volume":"99","author":"Finsterer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.50","article-title":"The fine tuning of metabolism, autophagy and differentiation during in vitro myogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Fortini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00866.2012","article-title":"Truncated dystrophins reduce muscle stiffness in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of mdx mice","volume":"114","author":"Hakim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01425.2010","article-title":"The passive mechanical properties of the extensor digitorum longus muscle are compromised in 2- to 20-mo-old mdx mice","volume":"110","author":"Hakim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21848","article-title":"Impaired respiratory function in mdx and mdx\/utrn(+\/-) mice","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1550","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01253.2007","article-title":"Functional resolution of fibrosis in mdx mouse dystrophic heart and skeletal muscle by halofuginone","volume":"294","author":"Huebner","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.22.3907","article-title":"Detyrosinated (Glu) microtubules are stabilized by an ATP-sensitive plus-end cap","volume":"113 (Pt 22)","author":"Infante","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2008.02.002","article-title":"Mdx respiratory impairment following fibrosis of the diaphragm","volume":"18","author":"Ishizaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromuscular Disorders"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00857.2016","article-title":"Altered nuclear dynamics in MDX myofibers","volume":"122","author":"Iyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.6","article-title":"The emergence of optical elastography in biomedicine","volume":"11","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9526","article-title":"Detyrosinated microtubules modulate mechanotransduction in heart and skeletal muscle","volume":"6","author":"Kerr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002829","article-title":"Microtubules underlie dysfunction in duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Khairallah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science Signaling"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.1.141","article-title":"Enhanced stability of microtubules enriched in detyrosinated tubulin is not a direct function of detyrosination level","volume":"106","author":"Khawaja","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/016173469802000403","article-title":"Elastic moduli of breast and prostate tissues under compression","volume":"20","author":"Krouskop","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0453com","article-title":"Loss of dystrophin causes aberrant mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"18","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.12.126","article-title":"Modulation of the redox state of tubulin by the glutathione\/glutaredoxin reductase system","volume":"314","author":"Landino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114804","article-title":"Impairment of cardiac autonomic function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: relationship to myocardial and respiratory function","volume":"141","author":"Lanza","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001172","article-title":"Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]","volume":"8","author":"Larin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedical Optics Express"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23249","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4021","article-title":"Inhibition of muscle fibrosis results in increases in both utrophin levels and the number of revertant myofibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"6","author":"Levi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.001625","article-title":"Noncontact all-optical measurement of corneal elasticity","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21166","article-title":"A new directionality tool for assessing microtubule pattern alterations","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1092","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.16.2008","article-title":"Early mechanical dysfunction of the diaphragm in the muscular dystrophy with myositis (Ttnmdm) model","volume":"295","author":"Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00149-X","article-title":"Endothelial, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle exhibit different viscous and elastic properties as determined by atomic force microscopy","volume":"34","author":"Mathur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00833.2013","article-title":"Diaphragm remodeling and compensatory respiratory mechanics in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"116","author":"Mead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"bib44","first-page":"184","article-title":"Density and composition of mammalian muscle","volume":"9","author":"Mendez","year":"1960","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.044","article-title":"Elucidation of extracellular matrix mechanics from muscle fibers and fiber bundles","volume":"44","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.66.1.31","article-title":"Sizes of components in frog skeletal muscle measured by methods of stereology","volume":"66","author":"Mobley","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of General Physiology"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091568","article-title":"Kif4 interacts with EB1 and stabilizes microtubules downstream of Rho-mDia in migrating fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006009","article-title":"Distinct ECM mechanosensing pathways regulate microtubule dynamics to control endothelial cell branching morphogenesis","volume":"192","author":"Myers","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/5\/006","article-title":"Linear and nonlinear elasticity imaging of soft tissue in vivo: demonstration of feasibility","volume":"54","author":"Oberai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5425","article-title":"Src-dependent impairment of autophagy by oxidative stress in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2007.01.022","article-title":"Physical continuity of the perimysium from myofibers to tendons: involvement in lateral force transmission in skeletal muscle","volume":"159","author":"Passerieux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199700250-00014","article-title":"Force transmission in skeletal muscle: from actomyosin to external tendons","volume":"25","author":"Patel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/9\/017","article-title":"Nonlinear elastic behavior of phantom materials for elastography","volume":"55","author":"Pavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.25.3.209","article-title":"The sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules of the frog's sartorius","volume":"25","author":"Peachey","year":"1965","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00622.x","article-title":"rAAV6-microdystrophin rescues aberrant Golgi complex organization in mdx skeletal muscles","volume":"8","author":"Percival","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4054","article-title":"Sildenafil reduces respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"228","author":"Percival","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.04.007","article-title":"Fibrogenic cell plasticity blunts tissue regeneration and aggravates muscular dystrophy","volume":"4","author":"Pessina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200905048","article-title":"Dystrophin is a microtubule-associated protein","volume":"186","author":"Prins","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123482","article-title":"The morphology and mechanical properties of endomysium in series-fibred muscles: variations with muscle length","volume":"15","author":"Purslow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C627","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00137.2002","article-title":"External mechanical strain regulates membrane targeting of Rho GTPases by controlling microtubule assembly","volume":"284","author":"Putnam","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C556","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2001.280.3.C556","article-title":"Control of microtubule assembly by extracellular matrix and externally applied strain","volume":"280","author":"Putnam","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10694","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-24-10694.1999","article-title":"The organization of the Golgi complex and microtubules in skeletal muscle is fiber type-dependent","volume":"19","author":"Ralston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-03-00875.2001","article-title":"Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum exit sites, and microtubules in skeletal muscle fibers are organized by patterned activity","volume":"21","author":"Ralston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201921","article-title":"Lateral transmission of force is impaired in skeletal muscles of dystrophic mice and very old rats","volume":"589","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/131436","article-title":"Biochemical and Functional Comparisons of mdx and Sgcg(-\/-) Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Models","volume":"2015","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0659","article-title":"Detyrosinated microtubules buckle and bear load in contracting cardiomyocytes","volume":"352","author":"Robison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.11.002","article-title":"Effect of collagen digestion on the passive elastic properties of diaphragm muscle in rat","volume":"32","author":"Rowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medical Engineering & Physics"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1997.0510","article-title":"Assembly and colchicine binding characteristics of tubulin with maximally tyrosinated and detyrosinated alpha-tubulins","volume":"351","author":"Skoufias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C889","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00383.2013","article-title":"Collagen content does not alter the passive mechanical properties of fibrotic skeletal muscle in mdx mice","volume":"306","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/352536a0","article-title":"The mdx mouse diaphragm reproduces the degenerative changes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"352","author":"Stedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052120203","article-title":"Functional morphology of the endomysium in series fibered muscles","volume":"212","author":"Trotter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2008.06.386","article-title":"Prevention of muscle fibrosis and improvement in muscle performance in the mdx mouse by halofuginone","volume":"18","author":"Turgeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromuscular Disorders"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.12.215","article-title":"Assessing dystrophies and other muscle diseases at the nanometer scale by atomic force microscopy","volume":"9","author":"van Zwieten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(70)90055-2","article-title":"Mechanical characterization of skin-finite deformations","volume":"3","author":"Veronda","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2014.0080","article-title":"Multiscale models of skeletal muscle reveal the complex effects of muscular dystrophy on tissue mechanics and damage susceptibility","volume":"5","author":"Virgilio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-2011\/10\/7\/075605","article-title":"A focused air-pulse system for optical-coherence-tomography-based measurements of tissue elasticity","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Physics Letters"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.000041","article-title":"Shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for ocular tissue biomechanics","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.005184","article-title":"Noncontact measurement of elasticity for the detection of soft-tissue tumors using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography combined with a focused air-puff system","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.001980","article-title":"Noncontact quantitative biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle using shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomedical Optics Express"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.111.1.113","article-title":"Detyrosination of alpha tubulin does not stabilize microtubules in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Webster","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12864","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509536112","article-title":"A new therapeutic effect of simvastatin revealed by functional improvement in muscular dystrophy","volume":"112","author":"Whitehead","year":"2015","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015354","article-title":"Skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase is increased and triggers stretch-induced damage in the mdx mouse","volume":"5","author":"Whitehead","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00381","article-title":"Regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by redox signaling and oxidative stress: implications for neuronal development and trafficking","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20588","article-title":"Passive mechanical properties of maturing extensor digitorum longus are not affected by lack of dystrophin","volume":"34","author":"Wolff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00256.2014","article-title":"Intrinsic stiffness of extracellular matrix increases with age in skeletal muscles of mice","volume":"117","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.7554\/elife.84169","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000}}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/31732\/elife-31732-v3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/31732\/elife-31732-v3.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/31732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:49:05Z","timestamp":1697057345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/31732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.31732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.31732","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31732.016","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31732.015","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31732.sa2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.31732.sa1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e31732"}}