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Optimization, the ability to select the functionally best material and modify it appropriately for a specific function, implies flexibility and is usually thought to be incompatible with inherited behaviour. Here, we show that tree-crickets optimize acoustic baffles, objects that are used to increase the effective loudness of mate-attraction calls. We quantified the acoustic efficiency of all baffles within the naturally feasible design space using finite-element modelling and found that design affects efficiency significantly. We tested the baffle-making behaviour of tree crickets in a series of experimental contexts. We found that given the opportunity, tree crickets optimised baffle acoustics; they selected the best sized object and modified it appropriately to make a near optimal baffle. Surprisingly, optimization could be achieved in a single attempt, and is likely to be achieved through an inherited yet highly accurate behavioural heuristic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.32763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T08:00:20Z","timestamp":1512979220000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Tree crickets optimize the acoustics of baffles to exaggerate their mate-attraction signal"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-306X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natasha","family":"Mhatre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3043-6633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Malkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological 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