{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:55:57Z","timestamp":1789757757641,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 DC016508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 DC016508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 MH019524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 MH019524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC014656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC014656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensory deprivation during development induces lifelong changes to central nervous system function that are associated with perceptual impairments. However, the relationship between neural and behavioral deficits is uncertain due to a lack of simultaneous measurements during task performance. Therefore, we telemetrically recorded from auditory cortex neurons in gerbils reared with developmental conductive hearing loss as they performed an auditory task in which rapid fluctuations in amplitude are detected. These data were compared to a measure of auditory brainstem temporal processing from each animal. We found that developmental HL diminished behavioral performance, but did not alter brainstem temporal processing. However, the simultaneous assessment of neural and behavioral processing revealed that perceptual deficits were associated with a degraded cortical population code that could be explained by greater trial-to-trial response variability. Our findings suggest that the perceptual limitations that attend early hearing loss are best explained by an encoding deficit in auditory cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.33891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T08:00:31Z","timestamp":1528272031000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Developmental deprivation-induced perceptual and cortical processing deficits in awake-behaving animals"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8762-9044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justin D","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-6165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan H","family":"Sanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90301-6","article-title":"Auditory brain stem responses in the cat. I. Intracranial and extracranial recordings","volume":"48","author":"Achor","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003415","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003415","article-title":"Population decoding in rat barrel cortex: optimizing the linear readout of correlated population responses","volume":"10","author":"Adibi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888","article-title":"Neural correlations, population coding and computation","volume":"7","author":"Averbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098509081545","article-title":"Temporal modulation transfer functions in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired listeners","volume":"24","author":"Bacon","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.05.019","article-title":"Separable developmental trajectories for the abilities to detect auditory amplitude and frequency modulation","volume":"280","author":"Banai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1888","article-title":"Differential neural coding of acoustic flutter within primate auditory cortex","volume":"10","author":"Bendor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00281.2009","article-title":"Neural coding of periodicity in marmoset auditory cortex","volume":"103","author":"Bendor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228100","article-title":"Auditory responsive cortex in the squirrel monkey: neural responses to amplitude-modulated sounds","volume":"108","author":"Bieser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0961-08.2008","article-title":"Invariance and sensitivity to intensity in neural discrimination of natural sounds","volume":"28","author":"Billimoria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00398-7","article-title":"The frequency-modulation following response in young and aged human subjects","volume":"165","author":"Boettcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00255-0","article-title":"The amplitude-modulation following response in young and aged human subjects","volume":"153","author":"Boettcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380000715X","article-title":"A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT","volume":"13","author":"Britten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145206","article-title":"Far-field acoustic response: origins in the cat","volume":"189","author":"Buchwald","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0647-13.2014","article-title":"A sensitive period for the impact of hearing loss on auditory perception","volume":"34","author":"Buran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4076","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4825-13.2014","article-title":"Behaviorally gated reduction of spontaneous discharge can improve detection thresholds in auditory cortex","volume":"34","author":"Buran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381166","article-title":"Nonspectral pitch","volume":"60","author":"Burns","year":"1976","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/08990229770971","article-title":"Tactile-spatial and cross-modal attention effects in the second somatosensory and 7b cortical Areas of rhesus monkeys","volume":"14","author":"Burton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Somatosensory & Motor Research"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1421-6_4","volume-title":"Human Auditory Development","author":"Buss","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00092","article-title":"Functional and structural changes throughout the auditory system following congenital and early-onset deafness: implications for hearing restoration","volume":"7","author":"Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00470.2000","article-title":"Membrane potential and firing rate in cat primary visual cortex","volume":"20","author":"Carandini","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10831","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0837-15.2015","article-title":"Sustained perceptual deficits from transient sensory deprivation","volume":"35","author":"Caras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712305114","article-title":"Top-down modulation of sensory cortex gates perceptual learning","volume":"114","author":"Caras","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3407-14.2015","article-title":"Seasonal plasticity of precise spike timing in the avian auditory system","volume":"35","author":"Caras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14412","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14412","article-title":"Dynamics of auditory cortical activity during behavioural engagement and auditory perception","volume":"8","author":"Carcea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00095.2015","article-title":"Emergence of invariant representation of vocalizations in the auditory cortex","volume":"114","author":"Carruthers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00303.2005","article-title":"Independent controls of attentional influences in primary and secondary somatosensory cortex","volume":"94","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00521.2017","article-title":"Contribution of spiking activity in the primary auditory cortex to detection in noise","volume":"118","author":"Christison-Lagay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2439","article-title":"Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.007","article-title":"Context-dependent changes in functional circuitry in visual area MT","volume":"60","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237072","article-title":"Thalamocortical transformation of responses to complex auditory stimuli","volume":"39","author":"Creutzfeldt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117717109","article-title":"Task reward structure shapes rapid receptive field plasticity in auditory cortex","volume":"109","author":"David","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9151","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1789-08.2008","article-title":"Linking the response properties of cells in auditory cortex with network architecture: cotuning versus lateral inhibition","volume":"28","author":"de la Rocha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-09-03161.2001","article-title":"Adaptive axonal remodeling in the midbrain auditory space map","volume":"21","author":"DeBello","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.01.010","article-title":"How does the brain solve visual object recognition?","volume":"73","author":"DiCarlo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib35","volume-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"Duda","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10372","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1462-07.2007","article-title":"Auditory cortical receptive fields: stable entities with plastic abilities","volume":"27","author":"Elhilali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.009","article-title":"Development and plasticity of the primary visual cortex","volume":"75","author":"Espinosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.08.004","article-title":"Cochlear implants and brain plasticity","volume":"238","author":"Fallon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(96)00050-7","article-title":"Automatic sorting of multiple unit neuronal signals in the presence of anisotropic and non-Gaussian variability","volume":"69","author":"Fee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098709078410","article-title":"Modulation threshold functions for chronically impaired meni\u00e8re patients","volume":"26","author":"Formby","year":"1987","journal-title":"Audiology : Official Organ of the International Society of Audiology"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90074-Y","article-title":"Encoding of amplitude modulation in the gerbil cochlear nucleus: I. A hierarchy of enhancement","volume":"44","author":"Frisina","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2005.01.015","article-title":"Active listening: task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in primary auditory cortex","volume":"206","author":"Fritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1141","article-title":"Rapid task-related plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in primary auditory cortex","volume":"6","author":"Fritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098309072766","article-title":"Experimental study on the effect of inferior colliculus lesions upon auditory brain stem response","volume":"22","author":"Funai","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00340.x","article-title":"Temporal coding of amplitude and frequency modulation in the rat auditory cortex","volume":"7","author":"Gaese","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.08.026","article-title":"Cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants","volume":"1239","author":"Gilley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1969.32.4.613","article-title":"Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization","volume":"32","author":"Goldberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2733","article-title":"Decoding the activity of neuronal populations in macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"14","author":"Graf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423323","article-title":"Modulation rate detection and discrimination by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"104","author":"Grant","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4303.631","article-title":"Effects of otitis media with effusion on hearing in the first 3 years of life","volume":"43","author":"Gravel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0916-17.2017","article-title":"Brief stimulus exposure fully remediates temporal processing deficits induced by early hearing loss","volume":"37","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib52","volume-title":"Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics","author":"Green","year":"1966"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1121\/1.410474","article-title":"Development of temporal resolution in children as measured by the temporal modulation transfer function","volume":"96","author":"Hall","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/104.4.841","article-title":"Brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials recorded directly from human brain-stem and thalamus","volume":"104","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8699","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0971-11.2011","article-title":"Quality metrics to accompany spike sorting of extracellular signals","volume":"31","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.129.3358.1279","article-title":"Attention units in the auditory cortex","volume":"129","author":"Hubel","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117593","article-title":"Fast readout of object identity from macaque inferior temporal cortex","volume":"310","author":"Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233121651667625","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216516676255","article-title":"Developmental conductive hearing loss reduces modulation masking release","volume":"20","author":"Ihlefeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Hearing"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18277","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2631-13.2013","article-title":"Neural codes formed by small and temporally precise populations in auditory cortex","volume":"33","author":"Ince","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.027","article-title":"How inhibition shapes cortical activity","volume":"72","author":"Isaacson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00812.2011","article-title":"Ability of primary auditory cortical neurons to detect amplitude modulation with rate and temporal codes: neurometric analysis","volume":"107","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2003","article-title":"Neural processing of amplitude-modulated sounds","volume":"84","author":"Joris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402757","article-title":"Responses to amplitude-modulated tones in the auditory nerve of the cat","volume":"91","author":"Joris","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510013909X","article-title":"Temporal bone pathology of acoustic neuroma correlating with presence of electrocochleography and absence of auditory brainstem response","volume":"111","author":"Kaga","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Laryngology & Otology"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045396-5.00017-8","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience","author":"Kalinichev","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.05.045","article-title":"Context-specific reweighting of auditory spatial cues following altered experience during development","volume":"23","author":"Keating","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3914","article-title":"Complementary adaptive processes contribute to the developmental plasticity of spatial hearing","volume":"18","author":"Keating","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970500536193","article-title":"Visual processing in amblyopia: animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Kiorpes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"bib69","first-page":"28","article-title":"An experimental study on the generator of amplitude-modulation following response","volume":"511","author":"Kiren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Supplementum"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-04-01001.1984","article-title":"Monaural occlusion alters sound localization during a sensitive period in the barn owl","volume":"4","author":"Knudsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/295238a0","article-title":"Early auditory experience modifies sound localization in barn owls","volume":"295","author":"Knudsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-04-01012.1984","article-title":"A critical period for the recovery of sound localization accuracy following monaural occlusion in the barn owl","volume":"4","author":"Knudsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm233","article-title":"Hearing loss prevents the maturation of GABAergic transmission in the auditory cortex","volume":"18","author":"Kotak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.1.255","article-title":"Auditory temporal processing: responses to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones in the inferior colliculus","volume":"84","author":"Krishna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715963","article-title":"Sources of the scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response","volume":"13","author":"Kuwada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000463","article-title":"Spectral-Temporal modulated ripple discrimination by children with cochlear implants","volume":"39","author":"Landsberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2713","article-title":"Auditory cortex spatial sensitivity sharpens during task performance","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17.8.5","article-title":"Amplitude-modulated auditory steady-state responses in younger and older listeners","volume":"17","author":"Leigh-Paffenroth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.87.5.2237","article-title":"Neural representations of sinusoidal amplitude and frequency modulations in the primary auditory cortex of awake primates","volume":"87","author":"Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/nn737","article-title":"Temporal and rate representations of time-varying signals in the auditory cortex of awake primates","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.1.236","article-title":"Temporal discharge patterns evoked by rapid sequences of wide- and narrowband clicks in the primary auditory cortex of cat","volume":"84","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90989.2008","article-title":"Using a common average reference to improve cortical neuron recordings from microelectrode arrays","volume":"101","author":"Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1036","article-title":"Single auditory neurons rapidly discriminate conspecific communication signals","volume":"6","author":"Machens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib84","volume-title":"Statistics of Directional Data","author":"Mardia","year":"1972"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00431.1999","article-title":"Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4","volume":"19","author":"McAdams","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)80034-9","article-title":"Effects of attention on the reliability of individual neurons in monkey visual cortex","volume":"23","author":"McAdams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.012","article-title":"Waking state: rapid variations modulate neural and behavioral responses","volume":"87","author":"McGinley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00179-4","article-title":"Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat. II. correlating lesion sites with waveform changes","volume":"93","author":"Melcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00200-6","article-title":"Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat. III: identified cell populations","volume":"93","author":"Melcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.2.863","article-title":"Codes for sound-source location in nontonotopic auditory cortex","volume":"80","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01109.2007","article-title":"Auditory cortex phase locking to amplitude-modulated cochlear implant pulse trains","volume":"100","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01114.2007","article-title":"Cochlear-implant high pulse rate and narrow electrode configuration impair transmission of temporal information to the auditory cortex","volume":"100","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8171339","article-title":"A panoramic code for sound location by cortical neurons","volume":"264","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901023106","article-title":"Populations of auditory cortical neurons can accurately encode acoustic space across stimulus intensity","volume":"106","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91593-H","article-title":"Early monaural occlusion alters the neural map of interaural level differences in the inferior colliculus of the barn owl","volume":"619","author":"Mogdans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.6.2875","article-title":"Site of auditory plasticity in the brain stem (VLVp) of the owl revealed by early monaural occlusion","volume":"72","author":"Mogdans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00415-4","article-title":"The effects of chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation on inferior colliculus spatial representation in adult deafened cats","volume":"164","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8704","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-19-08704.1999","article-title":"Conductive hearing loss produces a reversible binaural hearing impairment","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu013","article-title":"Transient hearing loss within a critical period causes persistent changes to cellular properties in adult auditory cortex","volume":"25","author":"Mowery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10416","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10416","article-title":"The onset of visual experience gates auditory cortex critical periods","volume":"7","author":"Mowery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.083","article-title":"The sensory striatum is permanently impaired by transient developmental deprivation","volume":"19","author":"Mowery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90196-0","article-title":"Auditory evoked potentials recorded intracranially from the brain stem in man","volume":"78","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398309076235","article-title":"Interpretation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials: results from intracranial recordings in humans","volume":"12","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scandinavian Audiology"},{"key":"bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90111-2","article-title":"Neural encoding of amplitude modulation within the auditory midbrain of squirrel monkeys","volume":"80","author":"M\u00fcller-Preuss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01257.2005","article-title":"Distinct time scales in cortical discrimination of natural sounds in songbirds","volume":"96","author":"Narayan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00776.2006","article-title":"Neural rate and timing cues for detection and discrimination of amplitude-modulated tones in the awake rabbit inferior colliculus","volume":"97","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0767-11.2012","article-title":"Activity related to perceptual judgment and action in primary auditory cortex","volume":"32","author":"Niwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8378","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2672-12.2013","article-title":"Differences between primary auditory cortex and auditory belt related to encoding and choice for AM sounds","volume":"33","author":"Niwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00458.2013","article-title":"Hierarchical effects of task engagement on amplitude modulation encoding in auditory cortex","volume":"113","author":"Niwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2306","article-title":"Engaging in an auditory task suppresses responses in auditory cortex","volume":"12","author":"Otazu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3318-14.2015","article-title":"State-dependent population coding in primary auditory cortex","volume":"35","author":"Pachitariu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11067","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4040-13.2014","article-title":"Dynamic target match signals in perirhinal cortex can be explained by instantaneous computations that act on dynamic input from inferotemporal cortex","volume":"34","author":"Pagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3433","article-title":"Signals in inferotemporal and perirhinal cortex suggest an untangling of visual target information","volume":"16","author":"Pagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454039","article-title":"Encoding of rapid amplitude fluctuations by Cochlear-nerve fibres in the guinea-pig","volume":"236","author":"Palmer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0499-z","article-title":"Acoustic temporal modulation detection in normal-hearing and cochlear implanted listeners: effects of hearing mechanism and development","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.04.014","article-title":"Two-channel recording of auditory-evoked potentials to detect age-related deficits in temporal processing","volume":"289","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.06.042","article-title":"Age-related auditory deficits in temporal processing in F-344 rats","volume":"192","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00152","article-title":"Age-related differences in auditory processing as assessed by amplitude-modulation following responses in quiet and in noise","volume":"2","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0460-1","article-title":"Age-related changes in the relationship between auditory brainstem responses and envelope-following responses","volume":"15","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-016-0554-z","article-title":"Age-Related changes in processing simultaneous amplitude modulated sounds assessed using envelope following responses","volume":"17","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.09.017","article-title":"The functional organization of the barrel cortex","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3547","article-title":"Brief hearing loss disrupts binaural integration during two early critical periods of auditory cortex development","volume":"4","author":"Polley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1159\/000046846","article-title":"Of kittens and kids: altered cortical maturation following profound deafness and cochlear implant use","volume":"6","author":"Ponton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Audiology and Neuro-Otology"},{"key":"bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.019","article-title":"Monaural deprivation disrupts development of binaural selectivity in auditory midbrain and cortex","volume":"65","author":"Popescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/35039062","article-title":"Information processing with population codes","volume":"1","author":"Pouget","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228890","article-title":"Processing of amplitude modulated sounds in the medial geniculate body of squirrel monkeys","volume":"79","author":"Preuss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1162\/089976604774201631","article-title":"Unsupervised spike detection and sorting with wavelets and superparamagnetic clustering","volume":"16","author":"Quiroga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1259-0","article-title":"Brain atlas of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) in CT\/MRI-aided stereotaxic coordinates","volume":"221","author":"Radtke-Schuller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.6.3506","article-title":"Neuronal responses in cat primary auditory cortex to electrical cochlear stimulation. III. Activation patterns in short- and long-term deafness","volume":"82","author":"Raggio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709504105","article-title":"Experience is required for the maintenance and refinement of FM sweep selectivity in the developing auditory cortex","volume":"105","author":"Razak","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81206-4","article-title":"Attention increases sensitivity of V4 neurons","volume":"26","author":"Reynolds","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.5.1797","article-title":"Encoding of amplitude modulation in the cochlear nucleus of the cat","volume":"71","author":"Rhode","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/249375a0","article-title":"Effects of bicuculline on functions of inhibition in visual cortex","volume":"249","author":"Rose","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041514","article-title":"Diminished behavioral and neural sensitivity to sound modulation is associated with moderate developmental hearing loss","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15509","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3340-10.2010","article-title":"Exploiting development to evaluate auditory encoding of amplitude modulation","volume":"30","author":"Rosen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618196113","article-title":"Emergence of an abstract categorical code enabling the discrimination of temporally structured tactile stimuli","volume":"113","author":"Rossi-Pool","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12978","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0179-10.2010","article-title":"Selectivity and tolerance (\"invariance\") both increase as visual information propagates from cortical area V4 to IT","volume":"30","author":"Rust","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10170","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6125-11.2012","article-title":"Balanced increases in selectivity and tolerance produce constant sparseness along the ventral visual stream","volume":"32","author":"Rust","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7314","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5072-09.2010","article-title":"Contribution of inhibition to stimulus selectivity in primary auditory cortex of awake primates","volume":"30","author":"Sadagopan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3486-12.2013","article-title":"Coordinated population activity underlying texture discrimination in rat barrel cortex","volume":"33","author":"Safaai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.005","article-title":"A behavioral framework to guide research on central auditory development and plasticity","volume":"72","author":"Sanes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/2506_2013_5","volume-title":"Deafness","author":"Sanes","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20801","article-title":"Prolonged maturation of auditory perception and learning in gerbils","volume":"70","author":"Sarro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6318","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4051-14.2015","article-title":"Cortical synaptic inhibition declines during auditory learning","volume":"35","author":"Sarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13724","article-title":"A synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex","volume":"513","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01131.2009","article-title":"Discrimination of communication vocalizations by single neurons and groups of neurons in the auditory midbrain","volume":"103","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(02)00838-X","article-title":"A new correlation-based measure of spike timing reliability","volume":"52-54","author":"Schreiber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90146-3","article-title":"Representation of amplitude modulation in the auditory cortex of the cat. II. Comparison between cortical fields","volume":"32","author":"Schreiner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050147","article-title":"Periodicity coding in the primary auditory cortex of the mongolian gerbil ( Merionesunguiculatus ): two different coding strategies for pitch and rhythm?","volume":"181","author":"Schulze","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology"},{"key":"bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.02.002","article-title":"Painfree and accurate Bayesian estimation of psychometric functions for (potentially) overdispersed data","volume":"122","author":"Sch\u00fctt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01486.1996","article-title":"A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion","volume":"16","author":"Shadlen","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701524836","article-title":"Deprivation-induced cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1624067","article-title":"Modulation spectra of natural sounds and ethological theories of auditory processing","volume":"114","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-15.2015","article-title":"Rapid Task-Related plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in the auditory midbrain","volume":"35","author":"Slee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.1.166","article-title":"Responses of inferior colliculus neurons to amplitude-modulated intracochlear electrical pulses in deaf cats","volume":"84","author":"Snyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(74)90081-9","article-title":"Sources of electrocochleographic responses as studied in patients with brain damage","volume":"37","author":"Sohmer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3353728","article-title":"Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance","volume":"240","author":"Spitzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(76)90005-5","article-title":"Correlation between confirmed sites of neurological lesions and abnormalities of far-field auditory brainstem responses","volume":"41","author":"Starr","year":"1976","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/35004588","article-title":"Attention modulates synchronized neuronal firing in primate somatosensory cortex","volume":"404","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib160","article-title":"dstolz_epsych","volume-title":"GitHub","author":"Stolzberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stolzberg D. 2018. dstolz_epsych. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/dstolz\/epsych."},{"key":"bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04662.x","article-title":"Transcranial fluorescence imaging of auditory cortical plasticity regulated by acoustic environments in mice","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3903-09.2010","article-title":"Presynaptic GABA(B) receptors regulate experience-dependent development of inhibitory short-term plasticity","volume":"30","author":"Takesian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00515.2011","article-title":"Age-dependent effect of hearing loss on cortical inhibitory synapse function","volume":"107","author":"Takesian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.01.019","article-title":"Unbalanced synaptic inhibition can create intensity-tuned auditory cortex neurons","volume":"146","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.07.032","article-title":"Balanced tone-evoked synaptic excitation and inhibition in mouse auditory cortex","volume":"163","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01020.2003","article-title":"Tone-evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances of primary auditory cortex neurons","volume":"92","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7591","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-17-07591.1999","article-title":"Effects of attention on the processing of motion in macaque middle temporal and medial superior temporal visual cortical areas","volume":"19","author":"Treue","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4195","article-title":"Causal contribution of primate auditory cortex to auditory perceptual decision-making","volume":"19","author":"Tsunada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199909000-00001","article-title":"Conductive hearing loss results in a decrease in central auditory system activity in the young gerbil","volume":"109","author":"Tucci","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601300014321","article-title":"A novel spike distance","volume":"13","author":"van Rossum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383531","article-title":"Temporal modulation transfer functions based upon modulation thresholds","volume":"66","author":"Viemeister","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.07.020","article-title":"Developmental hearing loss impedes auditory task learning and performance in gerbils","volume":"347","author":"von Trapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11097","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1302-16.2016","article-title":"A decline in response variability improves neural signal detection during auditory task performance","volume":"36","author":"von Trapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399714","article-title":"Discrimination of modulation depth of sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) noise","volume":"88","author":"Wakefield","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3699-06.2007","article-title":"Cortical discrimination of complex natural stimuli: can single neurons match behavior?","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.07.050","article-title":"Neural coding of temporal information in auditory thalamus and cortex","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.11.011","article-title":"Rate-level responses in awake marmoset auditory cortex","volume":"275","author":"Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0271-6","article-title":"Evaluating the perceptual and pathophysiological consequences of auditory deprivation in early postnatal life: a comparison of basic and clinical studies","volume":"12","author":"Whitton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.035","article-title":"Lateral sharpening of cortical frequency tuning by approximately balanced inhibition","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9417","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1992-07.2007","article-title":"Conductive hearing loss disrupts synaptic and spike adaptation in developing auditory cortex","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.2.882","article-title":"Sensitivity to sound-source elevation in nontonotopic auditory cortex","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1477","article-title":"In vivo auditory brain mapping in mice with Mn-enhanced MRI","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3701","article-title":"Scaling down of balanced excitation and inhibition by active behavioral states in auditory cortex","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/33891\/elife-33891-v3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/33891\/elife-33891-v3.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/33891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:51:54Z","timestamp":1697057514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/33891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"references-count":183,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.33891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.33891","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.33891.015","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.33891.016","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"article-number":"e33891"}}