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The valve complex is composed of two plate-like sclerites, a closure element, and in-and-outflow canals. Females have a penis-like intromittent organ to coercively anchor males and obtain voluminous semen. The semen is packed in a capsule, whose formation is initiated by seminal injection. It is not only used for fertilization but also consumed by the female as nutrition. The valve complex has two slots for insemination so that Neotrogla can continue mating while the first slot is occupied. In conjunction with the female penis, this switching valve is a morphological novelty enabling females to compete for seminal gifts in their nutrient-poor cave habitats through long copulation times and multiple seminal injections. The evolution of this switching valve may have been a prerequisite for the reversal of the intromittent organ in Neotrogla.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.39563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T20:00:27Z","timestamp":1539633627000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A biological switching valve evolved in the female of a sex-role reversed cave insect to receive multiple seminal packages"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6170-4296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Lienhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo L","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-6039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Z\u00fclpicher, K\u00f6ln"},{"name":"Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1086\/679586","article-title":"Sperm economy between female mating frequency and male ejaculate allocation","volume":"185","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261166","article-title":"Biomechanics. 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