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Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting \u2018offline\u2019 changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 s of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS caused stimulated areas to interact more selectively with the rest of the brain. In a within-subject design, we observe regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions \u2013 supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.40541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T19:00:15Z","timestamp":1549911615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-7929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lennart","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United 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