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India implemented a mass second-dose measles immunization campaign in 2010. We used interrupted time series and multilevel regression to quantify the campaign\u2019s impact on measles mortality using the nationally representative Million Death Study (including 27,000 child deaths in 1.3 million households surveyed from 2005 to 2013). 1\u201359 month measles mortality rates fell more in the campaign states following launch (27%) versus non-campaign states (11%). Declines were steeper in girls than boys and were specific to measles deaths. Measles mortality risk was lower for children living in a campaign district (OR 0.6, 99% CI 0.4\u20130.8) or born in 2009 or later (OR 0.8, 99% CI 0.7\u20130.9). The campaign averted up to 41,000\u201356,000 deaths during 2010\u201313, or 39\u201357% of the expected deaths nationally. Elimination of measles deaths in India is feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.43290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T19:01:29Z","timestamp":1551726089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.43290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The impact of measles immunization campaigns in India using a nationally representative sample of 27,000 child deaths"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-6271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin KC","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2336-6254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaza A","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shally","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7067-8341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prabhat","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-21","article-title":"Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the indian million death study","volume":"12","author":"Aleksandrowicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70280-3","article-title":"National, regional, and global sex ratios of infant, child, and under-5 mortality and identification of countries with outlying ratios: a systematic assessment","volume":"2","author":"Alkema","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61461-4","article-title":"Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"376","author":"Bassani","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60549-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis","volume":"375","author":"Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108786","article-title":"Case based measles surveillance in pune: evidence to guide current and future measles control and elimination efforts in India","volume":"9","author":"Bose","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib6","volume-title":"Interrupted Time Series (ITS) Analyses","author":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care. 2017. 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