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Disruptions to these cause a significant number of human birth defects, including ocular coloboma. We provide robust spatial-temporal staging and unique anatomical detail of optic fissure closure (OFC) in the embryonic chick, including evidence for roles of apoptosis and epithelial remodelling. We performed complementary transcriptomic profiling and show that\n                    <jats:italic>Netrin<\/jats:italic>\n                    -1 (\n                    <jats:italic>NTN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is precisely expressed in the chick fissure margin during fusion but is immediately downregulated after fusion. We further provide a combination of protein localisation and phenotypic evidence in chick, humans, mice and zebrafish that Netrin-1 has an evolutionarily conserved and essential requirement for OFC, and is likely to have an important role in palate fusion. Our data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>NTN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a strong candidate locus for human coloboma and other multi-system developmental fusion defects, and show that chick OFC is a powerful model for epithelial fusion research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.43877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1559635217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.43877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Detailed analysis of chick optic fissure closure reveals Netrin-1 as an essential mediator of epithelial fusion"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-7784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly","family":"Hardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United 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