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The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (dN\/dS) has become a popular method to detect selection in somatic cells. However the link, in somatic evolution, between dN\/dS values and fitness coefficients is missing. Here we present a quantitative model of somatic evolutionary dynamics that determines the selective coefficients of individual driver mutations from dN\/dS estimates. We then measure the DFE for somatic mutant clones in ostensibly normal oesophagus and skin. We reveal a broad distribution of fitness effects, with the largest fitness increases found for TP53 and NOTCH1 mutants (proliferative bias 1\u20135%). This study provides the theoretical link between dN\/dS values and selective coefficients in somatic evolution, and measures the DFE of mutations in human tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.48714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T11:00:16Z","timestamp":1585566016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Measuring the distribution of fitness effects in somatic evolution by combining clonal dynamics with dN\/dS ratios"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5524-4174","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc J","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer 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