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The rotation is generated by the stator\u2013rotor interaction, coupled with an ion flux through the torque-generating stator. Here we employed cryo-electron tomography to visualize the intact flagellar motor in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. By analyzing the motor structures of wild-type and stator-deletion mutants, we not only localized the stator complex in situ, but also revealed the stator\u2013rotor interaction at an unprecedented detail. Importantly, the stator\u2013rotor interaction induces a conformational change in the flagella C-ring. Given our observation that a non-motile mutant, in which proton flux is blocked, cannot generate the similar conformational change, we propose that the proton-driven torque is responsible for the conformational change required for flagellar rotation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.48979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T08:00:35Z","timestamp":1563350435000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Structural insights into flagellar stator\u2013rotor interactions"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yunjie","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States"},{"name":"Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hwan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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