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Neural Crest Cells (NCC) colonising the heart condensate along the primitive endocardial tube and force its scission into two tubes. Here, we show that NCC aggregation progressively decreases along the OFT distal-proximal axis following a BMP signalling gradient. Dullard, a nuclear phosphatase, tunes the BMP gradient amplitude and prevents NCC premature condensation. Dullard maintains transcriptional programs providing NCC with mesenchymal traits. It attenuates the expression of the aggregation factor Sema3c and conversely promotes that of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition driver Twist1. Altogether, Dullard-mediated fine-tuning of BMP signalling ensures the timed and progressive zipper-like closure of the OFT by the NCC and prevents the formation of a heart carrying the congenital abnormalities defining the tetralogy of Fallot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.50325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T08:00:19Z","timestamp":1582790419000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Dullard-mediated Smad1\/5\/8 inhibition controls mouse cardiac neural crest cells condensation and outflow tract septation"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5624-7585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Darrigrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM - Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 UMR974 - Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-6814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariana","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure team, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-3378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Glenda","family":"Comai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM - 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