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In the central nervous system, spinal motor neurons serve as one of the best-characterized cell types for addressing these two questions. In this review, we dissect these questions by evaluating the emerging role of regulatory microRNAs in motor neuron generation in developing embryos and their potential contributions to neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Given recent promising results from novel microRNA-based medicines, we discuss the potential applications of microRNAs for clinical assessments of SMA disease progression and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.50848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T11:00:12Z","timestamp":1574074812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Multifaceted roles of microRNAs: From motor neuron generation in embryos to degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-3627","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tai-Heng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical 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