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Independently, many of these factors play an important role in, but do not fully define, the compatibility between the model snail B. glabrata, and S. mansoni. Here, we demonstrate association between four previously characterized humoral immune molecules; BgFREP3, BgTEP1, BgFREP2 and Biomphalysin. We also identify unique immune determinants in the plasma of S. mansoni-resistant B. glabrata that associate with the incompatible phenotype. These factors coordinate to initiate haemocyte-mediated destruction of S. mansoni sporocysts via production of reactive oxygen species. The inclusion of BgFREP2 in a BgFREP3-initiated complex that also includes BgTEP1 almost completely explains resistance to S. mansoni in this model. Our study unifies many independent lines of investigation to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the snail immune system in the context of infection by this important human parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.51708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T08:00:31Z","timestamp":1578556831000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Coordination of humoral immune factors dictates compatibility between Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob R","family":"Hambrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A","family":"Pila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A","family":"Gharamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 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