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However, the proliferative potential of adipocyte progenitors in vivo is unknown (Faust et al., 1976; Faust et al., 1977; Hirsch and Han, 1969; Johnson and Hirsch, 1972). We addressed this by injecting labeled wild-type embryonic stem cells into blastocysts derived from lipodystrophic A-ZIP transgenic mice, which have a genetic block in adipogenesis. In the resulting chimeric animals, wild-type ES cells are the only source of mature adipocytes. We found that when chimeric animals were fed a high-fat-diet, animals with low levels of chimerism showed a significantly lower adipose tissue mass than animals with high levels of chimerism. The difference in adipose tissue mass was attributed to variability in the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue as the amount of visceral fat was independent of the level of chimerism. Our findings thus suggest that proliferative potential of adipocyte precursors is limited and can restrain the development of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.53074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T08:00:22Z","timestamp":1590480022000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Limitation of adipose tissue by the number of embryonic progenitor cells"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-8733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristina","family":"Hedbacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsueh","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5614-1716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olof","family":"Dallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5586-7782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gulya","family":"Fayzikhodjaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u0131van\u00e7","family":"Birsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiayun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Targeting Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chingwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Targeting Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2152-0868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey M","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.12.011","article-title":"Three-Dimensional adipose tissue imaging reveals regional variation in beige fat biogenesis and PRDM16-Dependent sympathetic neurite density","volume":"27","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2016.00010","article-title":"Relationships between rodent white adipose fat pads and human white adipose fat depots","volume":"3","author":"Chusyd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e15-10-0749","article-title":"Cell biology of fat storage","volume":"27","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Biology of the Cell"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2727","article-title":"Transplantation of adipose tissue lacking leptin is unable to reverse the metabolic abnormalities associated with lipoatrophy","volume":"51","author":"Colombo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207665200","article-title":"Opposite effects of background genotype on muscle and liver insulin sensitivity of lipoatrophic mice. 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