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Here, we evaluate the role of lung microbiota in Pneumococcus colonization of the lungs. In eubiosis, the lungs of mice were dominantly colonized by\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus murinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Differential analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing or\n                    <jats:italic>L. murinus-<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific qPCR of DNA from total organ homogenates\n                    <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    broncho alveolar lavages implicated tight association of these bacteria with the host tissue. Pure\n                    <jats:italic>L. murinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditioned culture medium inhibited growth and reduced the extension of pneumococcal chains. Growth inhibition in vitro was likely dependent on\n                    <jats:italic>L. murinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -produced lactic acid, since pH neutralization of the conditioned medium aborted the antibacterial effect. Finally, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>L. murinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    provides a barrier against pneumococcal colonization in a respiratory dysbiosis model after an influenza A virus infection, when added therapeutically.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.53581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1607347800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.53581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Respiratory tissue-associated commensal bacteria offer therapeutic potential against pneumococcal colonization"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Soner","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P","family":"Pereira Bonifacio Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0910-6114","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Berg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 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Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School GCB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schotsaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy J","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease (IFIK), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Rudaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 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