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Area identity is established by morphogens and transcriptional master regulators, but downstream mechanisms driving area-specific neuronal specification remain unclear. Here, we reveal a role for RNA-binding proteins in defining area-specific cytoarchitecture. Mice lacking Pum2 or overexpressing human TDP-43 show apparent \u2018motorization\u2019 of layers IV and V of primary somatosensory cortex (S1), characterized by dramatic expansion of cells co-expressing Sox5 and Bcl11b\/Ctip2, a hallmark of subcerebral projection neurons, at the expense of cells expressing the layer IV neuronal marker Ror\u03b2. Moreover, retrograde labeling experiments with cholera toxin B in\n                    <jats:italic>Pum2; Emx1-Cre<\/jats:italic>\n                    and TDP43\n                    <jats:sup>A315T<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice revealed a corresponding increase in subcerebral connectivity of these neurons in S1. Intriguingly, other key features of somatosensory area identity are largely preserved, suggesting that Pum2 and TDP-43 may function in a downstream program, rather than controlling area identity per se. Transfection of primary neurons and in utero electroporation (IUE) suggest cell-autonomous and post-mitotic modulation of Sox5, Bcl11b\/Ctip2, and Ror\u03b2 levels. Mechanistically, we find that Pum2 and TDP-43 directly interact with and affect the translation of mRNAs encoding Sox5, Bcl11b\/Ctip2, and Ror\u03b2. In contrast, effects on the levels of these mRNAs were not detectable in qRT-PCR or single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization assays, and we also did not detect effects on their splicing or polyadenylation patterns. Our results support the notion that post-transcriptional regulatory programs involving translational regulation and mediated by Pum2 and TDP-43 contribute to elaboration of area-specific neuronal identity and connectivity in the neocortex.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.55199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T08:15:17Z","timestamp":1646036117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.55199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pum2 and TDP-43 refine area-specific cytoarchitecture post-mitotically and modulate translation of Sox5, Bcl11b, and Rorb mRNAs in developing mouse neocortex"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3112-3084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kawssar","family":"Harb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zgy1s35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Neuronal 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