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However, a mechanistic account of attentional modulation during fear-relevant processes, especially during fear generalization remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that social fear generalization prompts sharpened tuning in the visuocortical representation of social threat cues, 67 healthy participants underwent differential fear conditioning, followed by a generalization test in which participants viewed faces varying in similarity with the threat-associated face. We found that generalization of social threat sharpens visuocortical tuning of social threat cues, whereas ratings of fearfulness showed generalization, linearly decreasing with decreasing similarity to the threat-associated face. Moreover, individuals who reported greater anxiety in social situations also showed heightened sharpened tuning of visuocortical neurons to facial identity cues, indicating the behavioral relevance of visuocortical tuning during generalization learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.55204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T08:00:23Z","timestamp":1591689623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.55204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Social aversive generalization learning sharpens the tuning of visuocortical neurons to facial identity cues"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-8492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yannik","family":"Stegmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias J","family":"Wieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.08.011","article-title":"The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning","volume":"8","author":"Ahissar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.10.003","article-title":"Fear conditioning and stimulus generalization in patients with social anxiety disorder","volume":"44","author":"Ahrens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60597-z","article-title":"Visuocortical tuning to a threat-related feature persists after extinction and consolidation of conditioned fear","volume":"10","author":"Antov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247003","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of object-based attention","volume":"344","author":"Baldauf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.04.009","article-title":"What does the facial dot-probe task tell Us about attentional processes in social anxiety? 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