{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T20:23:26Z","timestamp":1782246206481,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220020516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220020516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain development relies on an interplay between genetic specification and self-organization. Striking examples of this relationship can be found in the somatosensory brainstem, thalamus, and cortex of rats and mice, where the arrangement of the facial whiskers is preserved in the arrangement of cell aggregates to form precise somatotopic maps. We show in simulation how realistic whisker maps can self-organize, by assuming that information is exchanged between adjacent cells only, under the guidance of gene expression gradients. The resulting model provides a simple account of how patterns of gene expression can constrain spontaneous pattern formation to faithfully reproduce functional maps in subsequent brain structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.55588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T20:00:19Z","timestamp":1601323219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.55588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modelling the emergence of whisker barrels"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-0588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian S","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah A","family":"Krubitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, The University of California, Davis, Davis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8125-5133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stuart P","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5365","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05365.1993","article-title":"Organized growth of thalamocortical axons from the deep tier of terminations into layer IV of developing mouse barrel cortex","volume":"13","author":"Agmon","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7617","article-title":"Prenatal activity from thalamic neurons governs the emergence of functional cortical maps in mice","volume":"364","author":"Ant\u00f3n-Bola\u00f1os","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.4.1345","article-title":"Flow of excitation within rat barrel cortex on striking a single vibrissa","volume":"68","author":"Armstrong-James","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7191","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0071-12.2012","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 8 organizes the neocortical area map and regulates sensory map topography","volume":"32","author":"Assimacopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.344","article-title":"Regulation of area identity in the mammalian neocortex by Emx2 and Pax6","volume":"288","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.2.439","article-title":"The mouse Fgf8 gene encodes a family of polypeptides and is expressed in regions that direct outgrowth and patterning in the developing embryo","volume":"121","author":"Crossley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00440-9","article-title":"Area specificity and topography of thalamocortical projections are controlled by ephrin\/Eph genes","volume":"39","author":"Dufour","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08075.x","article-title":"Development and critical period plasticity of the barrel cortex: barrel cortex plasticity","volume":"35","author":"Erzurumlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.5329","article-title":"Regulation of thalamic neurite outgrowth by the eph ligand ephrin-A5: implications in the development of thalamocortical projections","volume":"95","author":"Gao","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010115)429:3<372::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Size gradients of barreloids in the rat thalamus","volume":"429","author":"Haidarliu","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/s0074-7696(08)62339-6","article-title":"Geometrical models for cells in tissues","volume":"81","author":"Honda","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Review of Cytology"},{"key":"bib12","article-title":"BarrelEmerge","volume-title":"GitHub","author":"James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James SS. 2020. BarrelEmerge. GitHub. 30e5beb. https:\/\/github.com\/ABRG-Models\/BarrelEmerge\/tree\/eLife."},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90222-0","article-title":"Mouse somatosensory cortex: alterations in the barrelfield following receptor injury at different early postnatal ages","volume":"6","author":"Jeanmonod","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JCNS.0000044876.28268.18","article-title":"Model of the early development of thalamo-cortical connections and area patterning via signaling molecules","volume":"17","author":"Karbowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230950","article-title":"Effects of sensory deprivation upon a single cortical vibrissal column: a 2dg study","volume":"90","author":"Kossut","year":"1992","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91488-X","article-title":"Metabolic activity in SmI cortical barrels of adult rats is dependent on patterned sensory stimulation of the mystacial vibrissae","volume":"341","author":"Land","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160.2013.864392","article-title":"Hexagonal grid methods with applications to partial differential equations","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903090202","article-title":"The barrelettes--architectonic vibrissal representations in the brainstem trigeminal complex of the mouse. I. normal structural organization","volume":"309","author":"Ma","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20926","article-title":"EphA7-ephrin-A5 signaling in mouse somatosensory cortex: developmental restriction of molecular domains and postnatal maintenance of functional compartments","volume":"496","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90180-G","article-title":"Iterated patterns of brain circuitry (or how the cortex gets its spots)","volume":"15","author":"Purves","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-011-8170-8","article-title":"Neuronal circuits with whisker-related patterns","volume":"43","author":"Sehara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.4.348","article-title":"Mouse barrel cortex viewed as Dirichlet domains","volume":"1","author":"Senft","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0453-05.2005","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 8 regulates neocortical guidance of area-specific thalamic innervation","volume":"25","author":"Shimogori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1472928807000234","article-title":"Grading the thalamus: how can an 'Eph' be excellent?","volume":"3","author":"Speer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thalamus and Related Systems"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.50.4.703","article-title":"Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections","volume":"50","author":"Sperry","year":"1963","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23195","article-title":"Role of EphA\/ephrin--a signaling in the development of topographic maps in mouse corticothalamic projections","volume":"521","author":"Torii","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(76)90036-7","article-title":"Barreloids in mouse somatosensory thalamus","volume":"2","author":"Van Der Loos","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/73929","article-title":"A mapping label required for normal scale of body representation in the cortex","volume":"3","author":"Vanderhaeghen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.05.009","article-title":"Developmental mechanisms patterning thalamocortical projections: intrinsic, extrinsic and in between","volume":"27","author":"Vanderhaeghen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640107","article-title":"Comparative anatomical studies of the SmL face cortex with special reference to the occurrence of \"barrels\" in layer IV","volume":"164","author":"Woolsey","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90079-x","article-title":"The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (SI) of mouse cerebral cortex. The description of a cortical field composed of discrete cytoarchitectonic units","volume":"17","author":"Woolsey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0705","article-title":"Signal source separation in the analysis of neural activity in brain","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/55588\/elife-55588-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/55588\/elife-55588-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/55588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:05:31Z","timestamp":1697058331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/55588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.55588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.55588","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.55588.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.55588.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2019.12.20.884106","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"article-number":"e55588"}}