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Here, we systematically tested the predictive power of models of DNA accessibility based on the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model of allostery, which posits that chromatin fluctuates between accessible and inaccessible states. We dissected the regulatory dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>hunchback<\/jats:italic>\n                    by the activator Bicoid and the pioneer-like transcription factor Zelda in living\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    embryos and showed that no thermodynamic or non-equilibrium MWC model can recapitulate\n                    <jats:italic>hunchback<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription. Therefore, we explored a model where DNA accessibility is not the result of thermal fluctuations but is catalyzed by Bicoid and Zelda, possibly through histone acetylation, and found that this model can predict\n                    <jats:italic>hunchback<\/jats:italic>\n                    dynamics. Thus, our theory-experiment dialogue uncovered potential molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulatory dynamics, a key step toward reaching a predictive understanding of developmental decision-making.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.56429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1603095592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.56429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Quantitative dissection of transcription in development yields evidence for transcription-factor-driven chromatin accessibility"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0139-3865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Eck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United 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