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We find that leg motor neurons exhibit a coordinated gradient of anatomical, physiological, and functional properties. Large, fast motor neurons control high force, ballistic movements while small, slow motor neurons control low force, postural movements. Intermediate neurons fall between these two extremes. This hierarchical organization resembles the size principle, first proposed as a mechanism for establishing recruitment order among vertebrate motor neurons. Recordings in behaving flies confirmed that motor neurons are typically recruited in order from slow to fast. However, we also find that fast, intermediate, and slow motor neurons receive distinct proprioceptive feedback signals, suggesting that the size principle is not the only mechanism that dictates motor neuron recruitment. Overall, this work reveals the functional organization of the fly leg motor system and establishes Drosophila as a tractable system for investigating neural mechanisms of limb motor control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.56754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1591171240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.56754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["A size principle for recruitment of Drosophila leg motor neurons"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-9678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony W","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7518-9512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evyn S","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pralaksha","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-8335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lalanti","family":"Venkatasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4749-2765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard S","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-5806","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John C","family":"Tuthill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0413-4","article-title":"State-dependent decoupling of sensory and motor circuits underlies behavioral flexibility in Drosophila","volume":"22","author":"Ache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib2","article-title":"FlySound","volume-title":"Github","author":"Azevedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azevedo A. 2020a. 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