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Most Tregs develop in the thymus and are then released into the immune periphery. However, some Tregs populate the thymus and constitute a major subset of yet poorly understood cells. Here we describe a subset of thymus recirculating IL18R+ Tregs with molecular characteristics highly reminiscent of tissue-resident effector Tregs. Moreover, we show that IL18R+ Tregs are endowed with higher capacity to populate the thymus than their IL18R\u2013 or IL18R\u2013\/\u2013 counterparts, highlighting the key role of IL18R in this process. Finally, we demonstrate that IL18 signaling is critical for the induction of the key thymus-homing chemokine receptor \u2013 CCR6 on Tregs. Collectively, this study provides a detailed characterization of the mature Treg subsets in the mouse thymus and identifies a key role of IL18 signaling in controlling the CCR6-CCL20-dependent migration of Tregs into the thymus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.58213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T06:00:33Z","timestamp":1595224833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.58213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["IL18 signaling promotes homing of mature Tregs into the thymus"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-5008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristina","family":"Peligero-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 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