{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:38:24Z","timestamp":1776245904917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2324007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2324007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H01437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H01437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H01381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H01381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H05007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H05007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009105","name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The division of labor between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways has been well studied, but not often with direct comparison at the single-neuron resolution with matched stimuli. Here we directly compared how single neurons in MT and V4, mid-tier areas of the two pathways, process binocular disparity, a powerful cue for 3D perception and actions. We found that MT neurons transmitted disparity signals more quickly and robustly, whereas V4 or its upstream neurons transformed the signals into sophisticated representations more prominently. Therefore, signaling speed and robustness were traded for transformation between the dorsal and ventral pathways. The key factor in this tradeoff was disparity-tuning shape: V4 neurons had more even-symmetric tuning than MT neurons. Moreover, the tuning symmetry predicted the degree of signal transformation across neurons similarly within each area, implying a general role of tuning symmetry in the stereoscopic processing by the two pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.58749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1614153639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.58749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Specialized contributions of mid-tier stages of dorsal and ventral pathways to stereoscopic processing in macaque"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-4627","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toshihide W","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, SuitaOsaka, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Information and Neural Networks, Osaka University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, SuitaOsaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-972X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3658-2623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abdolrahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neural Circuits and Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS), Wako, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-8610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, SuitaOsaka, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Information and Neural Networks, Osaka University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, SuitaOsaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00487.2015","article-title":"Pooled, but not single-neuron, responses in macaque V4 represent a solution to the stereo correspondence problem","volume":"115","author":"Abdolrahmani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/17.12.17","article-title":"A relative frame of reference underlies reversed depth perception in anticorrelated random-dot stereograms","volume":"17","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32500-4","article-title":"First- and second-order contributions to depth perception in anti-correlated random dot stereograms","volume":"8","author":"Asher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663","article-title":"Some informational aspects of visual perception","volume":"61","author":"Attneave","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"bib5","volume-title":"Possible Principles Underlying the Transformations of Sensory Messages. in Sensory Communication","author":"Barlow","year":"1961"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm146","article-title":"Cortical connections of the macaque anterior intraparietal (AIP) area","volume":"18","author":"Borra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp096","article-title":"Cortical connections to area TE in monkey: hybrid modular and distributed organization","volume":"20","author":"Borra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/33688","article-title":"Encoding of three-dimensional structure-from-motion by primate area MT neurons","volume":"392","author":"Bradley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800010269","article-title":"Responses of neurons in macaque MT to stochastic motion signals","volume":"10","author":"Britten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614452114","article-title":"Solving visual correspondence between the two eyes via domain-based population encoding in nonhuman primates","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.6.2269","article-title":"Comparison of neuronal selectivity for stimulus speed, length, and contrast in the prestriate visual cortical Areas V4 and MT of the macaque monkey","volume":"71","author":"Cheng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.023","article-title":"Fine discrimination training alters the causal contribution of macaque area MT to depth perception","volume":"60","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.055","article-title":"The evolution of a disparity decision in human visual cortex","volume":"92","author":"Cottereau","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.203","article-title":"The physiology of stereopsis","volume":"24","author":"Cumming","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/38487","article-title":"Responses of primary visual cortical neurons to binocular disparity without depth perception","volume":"389","author":"Cumming","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/352156a0","article-title":"Depth is encoded in the visual cortex by a specialized receptive field structure","volume":"352","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/29299","article-title":"Cortical area MT and the perception of stereoscopic depth","volume":"394","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00717.2002","article-title":"Coding of horizontal disparity and velocity by MT neurons in the alert macaque","volume":"89","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.3.835","article-title":"Visual properties of neurons in area V4 of the macaque: sensitivity to stimulus form","volume":"57","author":"Desimone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X07001392","article-title":"Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action","volume":"30","author":"Dijkerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04809.2001","article-title":"Perceptually bistable three-dimensional figures evoke high choice probabilities in cortical area MT","volume":"21","author":"Dodd","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/11.3.1","article-title":"Matching and correlation computations in stereoscopic depth perception","volume":"11","author":"Doi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.13.26","article-title":"Temporal channels and disparity representations in stereoscopic depth perception","volume":"13","author":"Doi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6967","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807687115","article-title":"Spatial pooling inherent to intrinsic signal optical imaging might cause V2 to resemble a solution to the stereo correspondence problem","volume":"115","author":"Doi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2014.00127","article-title":"Cross-matching: a modified cross-correlation underlying threshold energy model and match-based depth perception","volume":"8","author":"Doi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2009.05.006","article-title":"Dorsal-ventral integration in object recognition","volume":"61","author":"Farivar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00313-4","article-title":"Neural encoding of binocular disparity: energy models, position shifts and phase shifts","volume":"36","author":"Fleet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.08.003","article-title":"'What' Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway","volume":"20","author":"Freud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0257","article-title":"Weighted parallel contributions of binocular correlation and match signals to conscious perception of depth","volume":"371","author":"Fujita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1979.11739553","article-title":"Silver staining of myelin by means of physical development","volume":"1","author":"Gallyas","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurological Research"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.46.3.621","article-title":"Visual topography of striate projection zone (MT) in posterior superior temporal sulcus of the macaque","volume":"46","author":"Gattass","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.03.074","article-title":"\"What Not\" Detectors Help the Brain See in Depth","volume":"27","author":"Goncalves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90344-8","article-title":"Separate visual pathways for perception and action","volume":"15","author":"Goodale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2356-05.2006","article-title":"Visual and nonvisual contributions to three-dimensional heading selectivity in the medial superior temporal area","volume":"26","author":"Gu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.10.042","article-title":"Adaptation to natural binocular disparities in primate V1 explained by a generalized energy model","volume":"57","author":"Haefner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00802.2004","article-title":"Role of primate visual area V4 in the processing of 3-D shape characteristics defined by disparity","volume":"94","author":"Hegd\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004906","article-title":"A single mechanism can account for human perception of depth in mixed correlation random dot stereograms","volume":"12","author":"Henriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8967","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0642-16.2016","article-title":"Neurons in striate cortex signal disparity in Half-Matched Random-Dot stereograms","volume":"36","author":"Henriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2113","article-title":"The cortical organization of speech processing","volume":"8","author":"Hickok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0551","article-title":"Anatomical connectivity defines the organization of clusters of cortical Areas in the macaque monkey and the cat","volume":"355","author":"Hilgetag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nn875","article-title":"Three-dimensional orientation tuning in macaque area V4","volume":"5","author":"Hinkle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00341.2005","article-title":"Quantitative characterization of disparity tuning in ventral pathway area V4","volume":"94","author":"Hinkle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00023-0","article-title":"At least at the level of inferior temporal cortex, the stereo correspondence problem is solved","volume":"37","author":"Janssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.01.021","article-title":"Functional interactions between the macaque dorsal and ventral visual pathways during three-dimensional object vision","volume":"98","author":"Janssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"bib45","volume-title":"Foundations of Cyclopean Perception","author":"Julesz","year":"1971"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00851.2003","article-title":"Comparing perceptual signals of single V5\/MT neurons in two binocular depth tasks","volume":"92","author":"Krug","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00096.2007","article-title":"Spatial frequency integration for binocular correspondence in macaque area V4","volume":"99","author":"Kumano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00168.2006","article-title":"Comparison of shape encoding in primate dorsal and ventral visual pathways","volume":"97","author":"Lehky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.024","article-title":"A motion direction preference map in monkey V4","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200110290-00013","article-title":"A threshold explains modulation of neural responses to opposite-contrast stereograms","volume":"12","author":"Lippert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1126\/science.968482","article-title":"Cooperative computation of stereo disparity","volume":"194","author":"Marr","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0029","article-title":"A computational theory of human stereo vision","volume":"204","author":"Marr","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/38496","article-title":"Vergence eye movements in response to binocular disparity without depth perception","volume":"389","author":"Masson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-07-02239.1987","article-title":"Common and differential effects of attentive fixation on the excitability of parietal and prestriate (V4) cortical visual neurons in the macaque monkey","volume":"7","author":"Mountcastle","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01068.2004","article-title":"A stereoscopic look at visual cortex","volume":"93","author":"Neri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04514.2001","article-title":"Hierarchical processing of horizontal disparity information in the visual forebrain of behaving owls","volume":"21","author":"Nieder","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2396096","article-title":"Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors","volume":"249","author":"Ohzawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.6.2879","article-title":"Encoding of binocular disparity by complex cells in the cat's visual cortex","volume":"77","author":"Ohzawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80039-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of stereoscopic vision: the disparity energy model","volume":"8","author":"Ohzawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.06.012","article-title":"Extracting 3D structure from disparity","volume":"29","author":"Orban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7647","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-20-07647.2003","article-title":"Macaque middle temporal neurons signal depth in the absence of motion","volume":"23","author":"Palanca","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2131","article-title":"Binocular depth perception and the cerebral cortex","volume":"8","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-12-04531.1988","article-title":"Stereoscopic mechanisms in monkey visual cortex: binocular correlation and disparity selectivity","volume":"8","author":"Poggio","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1977.40.6.1392","article-title":"Binocular interaction and depth sensitivity in striate and prestriate cortex of behaving rhesus monkey","volume":"40","author":"Poggio","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00465.2000","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the responses of V1 neurons to horizontal disparity in dynamic random-dot stereograms","volume":"87","author":"Prince","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2331","article-title":"Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing","volume":"12","author":"Rauschecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523802196052","article-title":"A simple model accounts for the response of disparity-tuned V1 neurons to anticorrelated images","volume":"19","author":"Read","year":"2002","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00588.2003","article-title":"Ocular dominance predicts neither strength nor class of disparity selectivity with random-dot stimuli in primate V1","volume":"91","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1951","article-title":"Sensors for impossible stimuli may solve the stereo correspondence problem","volume":"10","author":"Read","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.011","article-title":"Toward a unified theory of visual area V4","volume":"74","author":"Roe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2952-12.2013","article-title":"Recurrent connectivity can account for the dynamics of disparity processing in V1","volume":"33","author":"Samonds","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18035","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805234105","article-title":"Ventral and dorsal pathways for language","volume":"105","author":"Saur","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81038-7","article-title":"Color signals in area MT of the macaque monkey","volume":"24","author":"Seidemann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/26752","article-title":"Shape selectivity in primate lateral intraparietal cortex","volume":"395","author":"Sereno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2016.00037","article-title":"Two visual pathways in primates based on sampling of space: exploitation and exploration of visual information","volume":"10","author":"Sheth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5083-11.2012","article-title":"Neural activity in cortical area V4 underlies fine disparity discrimination","volume":"32","author":"Shiozaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.5.2245","article-title":"Single-unit activity in cortical area MST associated with disparity-vergence eye movements: evidence for population coding","volume":"85","author":"Takemura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8170","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5292-03.2004","article-title":"Rejection of false matches for binocular correspondence in macaque visual cortical area V4","volume":"24","author":"Tanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00319.2005","article-title":"Disparity-tuning characteristics of neuronal responses to dynamic random-dot stereograms in macaque visual area V4","volume":"94","author":"Tanabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/8.3.22","article-title":"Disparity-energy signals in perceived stereoscopic depth","volume":"8","author":"Tanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3477-08.2008","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the transformation of disparity signals from V1 to V2 in the macaque","volume":"28","author":"Tanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00248.2011","article-title":"Selectivity for three-dimensional contours and surfaces in the anterior intraparietal area","volume":"107","author":"Theys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/nn837","article-title":"A specialization for relative disparity in V2","volume":"5","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03515.2003","article-title":"Contribution of middle temporal area to coarse depth discrimination: comparison of neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Uka","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(04)00186-2","article-title":"Contribution of area MT to stereoscopic depth perception: choice-related response modulations reflect task strategy","volume":"42","author":"Uka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5435-05.2006","article-title":"Linking neural representation to function in stereoscopic depth perception: roles of the middle temporal area in coarse versus fine disparity discrimination","volume":"26","author":"Uka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01336.2006","article-title":"Representation of stereoscopic depth based on relative disparity in macaque area V4","volume":"98","author":"Umeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901880302","article-title":"The striate projection zone in the superior temporal sulcus of Macaca mulatta: location and topographic organization","volume":"188","author":"Ungerleider","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib89","first-page":"549","volume-title":"Analysis of Visual Behavior","author":"Ungerleider","year":"1982"},{"key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901990302","article-title":"The middle temporal visual area in the macaque: myeloarchitecture, connections, functional properties and topographic organization","volume":"199","author":"Van Essen","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.010","article-title":"Interactions between dorsal and ventral streams for controlling skilled grasp","volume":"79","author":"van Polanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.03.058","article-title":"Contribution of inferior temporal and posterior parietal activity to three-dimensional shape perception","volume":"20","author":"Verhoef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.10.031","article-title":"Inferotemporal cortex subserves three-dimensional structure categorization","volume":"73","author":"Verhoef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136543","article-title":"Effects of microstimulation in the anterior intraparietal area during Three-Dimensional shape categorization","volume":"10","author":"Verhoef","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0259","article-title":"Binocular depth processing in the ventral visual pathway","volume":"371","author":"Verhoef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6063-11.2012","article-title":"Network analysis of corticocortical connections reveals ventral and dorsal processing streams in mouse visual cortex","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-111815-114605","article-title":"The human brain in depth: how we see in 3D","volume":"2","author":"Welchman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annual Review of Vision Science"},{"key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1956.00930030852012","article-title":"Eye movement responses to convergence stimuli","volume":"55","author":"Westheimer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2202","article-title":"A neural code for three-dimensional object shape in macaque inferotemporal cortex","volume":"11","author":"Yamane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/58749\/elife-58749-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/58749\/elife-58749-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/58749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:00:04Z","timestamp":1697058004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/58749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.58749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.58749","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.58749.sa2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.58749.sa1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.03.10.985721","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"article-number":"e58749"}}