{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:38:15Z","timestamp":1791409095866,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1158151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1158151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gene drives for mosquito population replacement are promising tools for malaria control. However, there is currently no clear pathway for safely testing such tools in endemic countries. The lack of well-characterized promoters for infection-relevant tissues and regulatory hurdles are further obstacles for their design and use. Here we explore how minimal genetic modifications of endogenous mosquito genes can convert them directly into non-autonomous gene drives without disrupting their expression. We co-opted the native regulatory sequences of three midgut-specific loci of the malaria vector\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    to host a prototypical antimalarial molecule and guide-RNAs encoded within artificial introns that support efficient gene drive. We assess the propensity of these modifications to interfere with the development of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and their effect on fitness. Because of their inherent simplicity and passive mode of drive such traits could form part of an acceptable testing pathway of gene drives for malaria eradication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.58791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T20:02:57Z","timestamp":1618257777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.58791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Converting endogenous genes of the malaria mosquito into simple non-autonomous gene drives for population replacement"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-5945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Astrid","family":"Hoermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Tapanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Capriotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Del Corsano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen KG","family":"Masters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibebu","family":"Habtewold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George K","family":"Christophides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-1165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Windbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2004.00557.x","article-title":"Driving midgut-specific expression and secretion of a foreign protein in transgenic mosquitoes with AgAper1 regulatory elements","volume":"14","author":"Abraham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Insect Molecular Biology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19426-0","article-title":"Efficient population modification gene-drive rescue system in the malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi","volume":"11","author":"Adolfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-261479","article-title":"Increased akt signaling in the mosquito fat body increases adult survivorship","volume":"29","author":"Arik","year":"2015","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0390169","article-title":"Homing endonucleases residing within inteins: evolutionary puzzles awaiting genetic solutions","volume":"39","author":"Barzel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.116.197632","article-title":"Requirements for driving antipathogen effector genes into populations of disease vectors by homing","volume":"205","author":"Beaghton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"bib6","volume-title":"24 Individuals From the G3 Anopheles Gambiae Strain","author":"Bioproject Accession PRJNA397539","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bioproject Accession PRJNA397539. 2017. 24 Individuals From the G3 Anopheles Gambiae Strain. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA397539\/."},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(81)91599-0","article-title":"Renaturation of Aequorea green-fluorescent protein","volume":"101","author":"Bokman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143541","article-title":"Inhibition of plasmodium berghei development in mosquitoes by effector proteins secreted from Asaia sp. 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