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Farmer responses to these outbreaks can slow down or accelerate virus transmission. We used a longitudinal survey of 53 small-scale chicken farms in southern Vietnam to investigate the impact of outbreaks with disease-induced mortality on harvest rate, vaccination, and disinfection behaviors. We found that in small broiler flocks (\u226416 birds\/flock) the estimated probability of harvest was 56% higher when an outbreak occurred, and 214% higher if an outbreak with sudden deaths occurred in the same month. Vaccination and disinfection were strongly and positively correlated with the number of birds. Small-scale farmers \u2013 the overwhelming majority of poultry producers in low-income countries \u2013 tend to rely on rapid sale of birds to mitigate losses from diseases. As depopulated birds are sent to markets or trading networks, this reactive behavior has the potential to enhance onward transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.59212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T10:00:12Z","timestamp":1598349612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.59212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Poultry farmer response to disease outbreaks in smallholder farming systems in southern Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-7052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexis","family":"Delabouglise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States"},{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Le","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huynh Thi Ai","family":"Xuyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ca Mau sub-Department of Livestock Production and Animal Health, Ca Mau, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Nguyen-Van-Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"},{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phung Ngoc","family":"Tuyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ca Mau sub-Department of Livestock Production and Animal Health, Ca Mau, Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Minh","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-9630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maciej F","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"Poultry Sector Rehabilitation Project \u2013 Phase I: The Impact of Avian Influenza on Poultry Sector Restructuring and Its Socio-Economic Effects. 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