{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:22:14Z","timestamp":1791339734270,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI120627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI120627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI060767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI060767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE15-0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE15-0023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRM EQ20170336725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRM EQ20170336725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25GM086262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25GM086262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many of the world\u2019s warm-blooded species are chronically infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    tissue cysts, including an estimated one-third of the global human population. The cellular processes that permit long-term persistence within the cyst are largely unknown for\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and related coccidian parasites that impact human and animal health. Herein, we show that genetic ablation of\n                    <jats:italic>TgATG9<\/jats:italic>\n                    substantially reduces canonical autophagy and compromises bradyzoite viability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous structural abnormalities occurring in \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>atg9<\/jats:italic>\n                    bradyzoites. Intriguingly, abnormal mitochondrial networks were observed in TgATG9-deficient bradyzoites, some of which contained numerous different cytoplasmic components and organelles. \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>atg9<\/jats:italic>\n                    bradyzoite fitness was drastically compromised in vitro and in mice, with very few brain cysts identified in mice 5 weeks post-infection. Taken together, our data suggests that TgATG9, and by extension autophagy, is critical for cellular homeostasis in bradyzoites and is necessary for long-term persistence within the cyst of this coccidian parasite.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.59384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T08:13:54Z","timestamp":1619511234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.59384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Toxoplasma TgATG9 is critical for autophagy and long-term persistence in tissue cysts"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5158-0522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United 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