{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:42:36Z","timestamp":1792651356707,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI143991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI143991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease infecting hundreds of millions of people. Schistosomes use aquatic snails as intermediate hosts. A promising avenue for disease control involves leveraging innate host mechanisms to reduce snail vectorial capacity. In a genome-wide association study of\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    snails, we identify genomic region PTC2 which exhibits the largest known correlation with susceptibility to parasite infection (&gt;15 fold effect). Using new genome assemblies with substantially higher contiguity than the\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    reference genome, we show that PTC2 haplotypes are exceptionally divergent in structure and sequence. This variation includes multi-kilobase indels containing entire genes, and orthologs for which most amino acid residues are polymorphic. RNA-Seq annotation reveals that most of these genes encode single-pass transmembrane proteins, as seen in another resistance region in the same species. Such groups of hyperdiverse snail proteins may mediate host-parasite interaction at the cell surface, offering promising targets for blocking the transmission of schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.59395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T08:00:29Z","timestamp":1598428829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.59395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Clusters of polymorphic transmembrane genes control resistance to schistosomes in snail vectors"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-4740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob A","family":"Tennessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R","family":"Bollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Peremyslova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A","family":"Kronmiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"},{"name":"Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulut","family":"Hamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8439-2878","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael Scott","family":"Blouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.175976","article-title":"The development 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