{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:05:08Z","timestamp":1791875108177,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY027853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY027853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>A central feature of cortical function is hierarchical processing of information. Little is currently known about how cortical processing cascades develop. Here, we investigate the joint development of two nodes of the ferret\u2019s visual motion pathway, primary visual cortex (V1), and higher-level area PSS. In adult animals, motion processing transitions from local to global computations between these areas. We now show that PSS global motion signals emerge a week after the development of V1 and PSS direction selectivity. Crucially, V1 responses to more complex motion stimuli change in parallel, in a manner consistent with supporting increased PSS motion integration. At the same time, these V1 responses depend on feedback from PSS. Our findings suggest that development does not just proceed in parallel in different visual areas, it is coordinated across network nodes. This has important implications for understanding how visual experience and developmental disorders can influence the developing visual system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.59798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T07:00:21Z","timestamp":1616396421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.59798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development of visual motion integration involves coordination of multiple cortical stages"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3644-2690","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Augusto A","family":"Lempel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States"},{"name":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind\/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-2972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristina J","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States"},{"name":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind\/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/300523a0","article-title":"Phenomenal coherence of moving visual patterns","volume":"300","author":"Adelson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6563","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3213-15.2016","article-title":"A model of binocular motion integration in MT neurons","volume":"36","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021254","article-title":"Combining feature selection and integration--a neural model for MT motion selectivity","volume":"6","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010995","article-title":"Innate and environmental factors in the development of the kitten's visual cortex","volume":"248","author":"Blakemore","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052","article-title":"Structure and function of visual area MT","volume":"28","author":"Born","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-2029-4","article-title":"Spatial distribution of inhibitory synaptic connections during development of ferret primary visual cortex","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00296.1997","article-title":"Postnatal development of binocular disparity sensitivity in neurons of the primate visual cortex","volume":"17","author":"Chino","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234899","article-title":"Recovery of function in cat visual cortex following prolonged deprivation","volume":"25","author":"Cynader","year":"1976","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-5-5","article-title":"Remodeling of inhibitory synaptic connections in developing ferret visual cortex","volume":"5","author":"Dalva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Development"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026204","article-title":"Multiplexed, high density electrophysiology with nanofabricated neural probes","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12198","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3055-10.2010","article-title":"Visual motion processing by neurons in area MT of macaque monkeys with experimental amblyopia","volume":"30","author":"El-Shamayleh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00278-4","article-title":"Better perception of global motion after monocular than after binocular deprivation","volume":"42","author":"Ellemberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990628)409:2<261::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Development of inhibitory circuitry in visual and auditory cortex of postnatal ferrets: immunocytochemical localization of GABAergic neurons","volume":"409","author":"Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000619)422:1<140::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Development of inhibitory circuitry in visual and auditory cortex of postnatal ferrets: immunocytochemical localization of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing neurons","volume":"422","author":"Gao","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.011","article-title":"Functional biases in visual cortex neurons with identified projections to higher cortical targets","volume":"22","author":"Jarosiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib17","first-page":"1423","volume-title":"The New Visual Neurosciences","author":"Kiorpes","year":"2014"},{"key":"bib18","article-title":"PSSModelMLE","volume-title":"Github","author":"Lempel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempel AA. 2020. PSSModelMLE. Github. 7a4bba4. https:\/\/github.com\/nielsenlabmbi\/PSSModelMLE."},{"key":"bib19","article-title":"PSSModelMLE","volume-title":"Software Heritage","author":"Lempel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lempel A. 2021. PSSModelMLE. Software Heritage. swh:1:rev:7a4bba49cd2c72fab0623f3c3756fd55506cc816. https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/swh:1:dir:17919326f26199893f06092e835b68deaf7673ea;origin=https:\/\/github.com\/nielsenlabmbi\/PSSModelMLE;visit=swh:1:snp:c636966b773a5bc3bd880ad4ff5ec5a503b9d76c;anchor=swh:1:rev:7a4bba49cd2c72fab0623f3c3756fd55506cc816\/."},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.017","article-title":"Ferrets as a model for Higher-Level visual motion processing","volume":"29","author":"Lempel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1684","article-title":"The development of direction selectivity in ferret visual cortex requires early visual experience","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07417","article-title":"Experience with moving visual stimuli drives the early development of cortical direction selectivity","volume":"456","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.02.038","article-title":"Development of global motion perception requires early postnatal exposure to patterned light","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-09224-8_7","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition Mechanisms","author":"Movshon","year":"1985"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7733","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-23-07733.1996","article-title":"Visual response properties of striate cortical neurons projecting to area MT in macaque monkeys","volume":"16","author":"Movshon","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2007","article-title":"Higher order visual processing in macaque extrastriate cortex","volume":"88","author":"Orban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366","article-title":"The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies","volume":"10","author":"Pelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2886-17.2018","article-title":"Development of Cross-Orientation suppression and size tuning and the role of experience","volume":"38","author":"Popovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05650.2003","article-title":"The neural representation of speed in macaque area MT\/V5","volume":"23","author":"Priebe","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1786","article-title":"How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns","volume":"9","author":"Rust","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118782699.ch30","volume-title":"Biology and Diseases of the Ferret","author":"Sharma","year":"2014"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00183-1","article-title":"A model of neuronal responses in visual area MT","volume":"38","author":"Simoncelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1382","article-title":"Dynamics of motion signaling by neurons in macaque area MT","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(85)90115-4","article-title":"Developmentally induced loss of direction-selective neurons in the cat\u2019s lateral suprasylvian visual cortex","volume":"352","author":"Spear","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/344153a0","article-title":"Transparency and coherence in human motion perception","volume":"344","author":"Stoner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7258","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0230-12.2012","article-title":"Initial neighborhood biases and the quality of motion stimulation jointly influence the rapid emergence of direction preference in visual cortex","volume":"32","author":"Van Hooser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00639.2014","article-title":"Properties of pattern and component direction-selective cells in area MT of the macaque","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0354-1","article-title":"Differential tuning of excitation and inhibition shapes direction selectivity in ferret visual cortex","volume":"560","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.17.12.684","article-title":"The distribution of Chi-Square","volume":"17","author":"Wilson","year":"1931","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0258-19.2019","article-title":"Compound stimuli reveal the structure of visual motion selectivity in macaque MT neurons","volume":"6","author":"Zaharia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eneuro"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/59798\/elife-59798-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/59798\/elife-59798-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/59798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:00:37Z","timestamp":1697058037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/59798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.59798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.59798","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.59798.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.59798.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"article-number":"e59798"}}