{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:16:30Z","timestamp":1790741790165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK-19-045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK-19-045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["720270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["720270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["785907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["785907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_182703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_182703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SNF CR23I2_166707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNF CR23I2_166707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cortical microinfarcts are linked to pathologies like cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia. Despite their relevance for disease progression, microinfarcts often remain undetected and the smallest scale of blood flow disturbance has not yet been identified. We employed blood flow simulations in realistic microvascular networks from the mouse cortex to quantify the impact of single-capillary occlusions. Our simulations reveal that the severity of a microstroke is strongly affected by the local vascular topology and the baseline flow rate in the occluded capillary. The largest changes in perfusion are observed in capillaries with two inflows and two outflows. This specific topological configuration only occurs with a frequency of 8%. The majority of capillaries have one inflow and one outflow and is likely designed to efficiently supply oxygen and nutrients. Taken together, microstrokes bear potential to induce a cascade of local disturbances in the surrounding tissue, which might accumulate and impair energy supply locally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.60208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T10:00:19Z","timestamp":1621332019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The severity of microstrokes depends on local vascular topology and baseline perfusion"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0689-9366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franca","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2472-1019","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulia","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9571-3104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"Jenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9089-0689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu221","article-title":"Vascular supply of the cerebral cortex is specialized for cell layers but not columns","volume":"25","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1145-2","article-title":"Interstitial fluid drainage is impaired in ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease mouse models","volume":"126","author":"Arbel-Ornath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3426","article-title":"The cortical angiome: an interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow","volume":"16","author":"Blinder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.200","article-title":"Cerebral microinfarcts: a systematic review of neuropathological studies","volume":"32","author":"Brundel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x","article-title":"Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology","volume":"34","author":"Carare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680500383407","article-title":"A novel three-dimensional computer-assisted method for a quantitative study of microvascular networks of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"13","author":"Cassot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0329-4","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries reduces cortical blood flow and impairs memory function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models","volume":"22","author":"Cruz Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13676","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1968-11.2011","article-title":"\"Overshoot\" of O\u2082 is required to maintain baseline tissue oxygenation at locations distal to blood vessels","volume":"31","author":"Devor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(81)90007-1","article-title":"Cortical blood vessels of the human brain","volume":"7","author":"Duvernoy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108260","article-title":"Neutrophils obstructing brain capillaries are a major cause of No-Reflow in ischemic stroke","volume":"33","author":"El Amki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.049","article-title":"Investigating the effects of a penetrating vessel occlusion with a multi-scale microvasculature model of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"172","author":"El-Bouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600428","article-title":"Fine mapping of the spatial relationship between acute ischemia and dendritic structure indicates selective vulnerability of layer V neuron dendritic tufts within single neurons in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Enright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17743877","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of cerebral capillary segments with stalling red blood cells","volume":"39","author":"Erdener","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20914179","article-title":"Dynamic capillary stalls in reperfused ischemic penumbra contribute to injury: a hyperacute role for neutrophils in persistent traffic jams","volume":"41","author":"Erdener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1929.9.2.241","article-title":"The suspension stability of the blood","volume":"9","author":"F\u00e5hraeus","year":"1929","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-2862(73)80005-6","article-title":"Stochastic flow in capillary blood vessels","volume":"5","author":"Fung","year":"1973","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.105","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow modeling in primate cortex","volume":"30","author":"Guibert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00793-2","article-title":"Brain capillary pericytes exert a substantial but slow influence on blood flow","volume":"24","author":"Hartmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12159","article-title":"Failure of perivascular drainage of \u03b2-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"24","author":"Hawkes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.39","article-title":"Topology and hemodynamics of the cortical cerebrovascular system","volume":"32","author":"Hirsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15741","article-title":"Fluctuations and stimulus-induced changes in blood flow observed in individual capillaries in layers 2 through 4 of rat neocortex","volume":"95","author":"Kleinfeld","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09001","article-title":"Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization","volume":"465","author":"Lam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.024","article-title":"Morphometry of the human cerebral cortex microcirculation: general characteristics and space-related profiles","volume":"39","author":"Lauwers","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42299","article-title":"More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen extraction","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2009.10.037","article-title":"Fractal analysis of vascular networks: insights from morphogenesis","volume":"262","author":"Lorthois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H206","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00447.2014","article-title":"A dynamic model of oxygen transport from capillaries to tissue with moving red blood cells","volume":"308","author":"L\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12337","article-title":"The relative influence of hematocrit and red blood cell velocity on oxygen transport from capillaries to tissue","volume":"24","author":"L\u00fccker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01296","article-title":"The relation between Capillary transit times and hemoglobin saturation heterogeneity\u00a0part 2: capillary networks","volume":"9","author":"L\u00fccker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00420","article-title":"The relation between capillary transit times and hemoglobin saturation heterogeneity part 1: theoretical models","volume":"9","author":"L\u00fccker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12024","article-title":"Mapping oxygen concentration in the awake mouse brain","volume":"5","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth844","article-title":"Targeted insult to subsurface cortical blood vessels using ultrashort laser pulses: three models of stroke","volume":"3","author":"Nishimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609551104","article-title":"Penetrating arterioles are a bottleneck in the perfusion of neocortex","volume":"104","author":"Nishimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.157","article-title":"Limitations of collateral flow after occlusion of a single cortical penetrating arteriole","volume":"30","author":"Nishimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21871","article-title":"Microemboli may link spreading depression, migraine aura, and patent foramen ovale","volume":"67","author":"Nozari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3059","article-title":"Imaging local neuronal activity by monitoring PO\u2082 transients in capillaries","volume":"19","author":"Parpaleix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019830594","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds: beyond the macroscope","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9trault","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2657","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00297.2005","article-title":"Microvascular blood viscosity in vivo and the endothelial surface layer","volume":"289","author":"Pries","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33670","article-title":"VEGF signaling regulates the fate of obstructed capillaries in mouse cortex","volume":"7","author":"Reeson","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47324","article-title":"In vivo imaging with a water immersion objective affects brain temperature, blood flow and oxygenation","volume":"8","author":"Roche","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6734","article-title":"Large arteriolar component of oxygen delivery implies a safe margin of oxygen supply to cerebral tissue","volume":"5","author":"Sakad\u017ei\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H733","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00335.2014","article-title":"The impact of capillary dilation on the distribution of red blood cells in artificial networks","volume":"308","author":"Schmid","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005392","article-title":"Depth-dependent flow and pressure characteristics in cortical microvascular networks","volume":"13","author":"Schmid","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.046","article-title":"Vascular density and distribution in neocortex","volume":"197","author":"Schmid","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007231","article-title":"Red blood cells stabilize flow in brain microvascular networks","volume":"15","author":"Schmid","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3278","article-title":"The smallest stroke: occlusion of one penetrating vessel leads to infarction and a cognitive deficit","volume":"16","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016995","article-title":"Rodent models of cerebral microinfarct and microhemorrhage","volume":"49","author":"Shih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.8","article-title":"A Mouse Model of Small-Vessel Disease that Produces Brain-Wide-Identified Microocclusions and Regionally Selective Neuronal Injury","volume":"35","author":"Silasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70307-6","article-title":"Cerebral microinfarcts: the invisible lesions","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00233","article-title":"Brain capillary networks across species: a few simple organizational requirements are sufficient to reproduce both structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16685573","article-title":"Functional deficits induced by cortical microinfarcts","volume":"37","author":"Summers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15608388","article-title":"Microvascular basis for growth of small infarcts following occlusion of single penetrating arterioles in mouse cortex","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2891-16.2016","article-title":"Pericytes as inducers of rapid, matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Dependent capillary damage during ischemia","volume":"37","author":"Underly","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30196-5","article-title":"Detection, risk factors, and functional consequences of cerebral microinfarcts","volume":"16","author":"van Veluw","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19899377","article-title":"In vivo characterization of spontaneous microhemorrhage formation in mice with cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"41","author":"van Veluw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.75.1.55","article-title":"Capillary perfusion of the rat brain cortex\u00a0an in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"75","author":"Villringer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-12.2012","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and delayed neuronal loss in a mouse model of multiple microinfarcts","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2112-16.2017","article-title":"Focal solute trapping and global glymphatic pathway impairment in a murine model of multiple microinfarcts","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm259","article-title":"The microvascular system of the striate and extrastriate visual cortex of the macaque","volume":"18","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H251","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1978.235.2.H251","article-title":"Effect of velocity distribution on red cell distribution in capillary blood vessels","volume":"235","author":"Yen","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.010","article-title":"Allopurinol protects against ischemic insults in a mouse model of cortical microinfarction","volume":"1622","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19889092","article-title":"Microvessel occlusions alter amyloid-beta plaque morphology in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.09.059","article-title":"Do microemboli reach the brain penetrating arteries?","volume":"176","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Research"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/60208\/elife-60208-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/60208\/elife-60208-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/60208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:00:54Z","timestamp":1697058054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/60208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.60208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60208","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.5115640","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.60208.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.60208.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.05.188565","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e60208"}}