{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:16:31Z","timestamp":1790421391342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI136538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI136538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI121090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI121090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA218133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA218133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA227629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA227629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Paneth cells constitutively produce antimicrobial peptides and growth factors that allow for intestinal homeostasis, host protection, and intestinal stem cell replication. Paneth cells rely heavily on the glycolytic metabolic program, which is in part controlled by the kinase complex Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1). Yet, little is known about mTOR importance in Paneth cell integrity under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Our results demonstrate that IFN-\u03b3, a crucial mediator of the intestinal inflammation, acts directly on murine Paneth cells to alter their mitochondrial integrity and membrane potential, resulting in an TORC1-dependent cell death mechanism distinct from canonical cell death pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. These results were established with the purified cytokine and a physiologically relevant common Th1-inducing human parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Given the crucial role for IFN-\u03b3, which is a cytokine frequently associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease and compromised Paneth cell functions, the identified mechanisms underlying mTORC1-dependent Paneth cell death downstream of IFN-\u03b3 may provide promising novel approaches for treating intestinal inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.60478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T08:04:28Z","timestamp":1633939468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["IFN-\u03b3 mediates Paneth cell death via suppression of mTOR"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7568-074X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Safronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-2179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Am\u00e9rico","family":"L\u00f3pez-Yglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpi","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie T","family":"Camanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Grivennikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States"},{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-8002","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Yarovinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12599","article-title":"Paneth cells as a site of origin for intestinal inflammation","volume":"503","author":"Adolph","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.563","article-title":"The IFN gamma receptor: a paradigm for cytokine receptor signaling","volume":"15","author":"Bach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0466-2","article-title":"terferon target-gene expression and epigenomic signatures in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Barrat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.10.006","article-title":"testinal Epithelial-Specific mTORC1 Activation Enhances Intestinal Adaptation After Small Bowel Resection","volume":"3","author":"Barron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.9.3705-3711.1994","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion as a mechanism of gamma interferon-mediated chlamydial persistence","volume":"62","author":"Beatty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fection and Immunity"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.04.008","article-title":"Homeostatic Immunity and the Microbiota","volume":"46","author":"Belkaid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01053.x","article-title":"Control of pathogenic CD8+ T cell migration to the brain by IFN-gamma during experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"30","author":"Belnoue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.06.005","article-title":"Gut commensal bacteria direct a protective immune response against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"6","author":"Benson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2546","article-title":"Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Bevins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.749","article-title":"Cellular responses to interferon-gamma","volume":"15","author":"Boehm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.6715","article-title":"Two families of GTPases dominate the complex cellular response to IFN-gamma","volume":"161","author":"Boehm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0228-2","article-title":"The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Broz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425286","article-title":"terferon-gamma mediates antigen trafficking to MHC class II-positive late endosomes of enterocytes","volume":"35","author":"B\u00fcning","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.001","article-title":"Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Burger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49471-9","article-title":"An Experimental Approach to Rigorously Assess Paneth Cell \u03b1-Defensin (Defa) mRNA Expression in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"9","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128834","article-title":"Necroptosis: a crucial pathogenic mediator of human disease","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183744","article-title":"Paneth cells: maestros of the small intestinal crypts","volume":"75","author":"Clevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.222570","article-title":"Nutrient regulation of mTORC1 at a glance","volume":"132","author":"Condon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1994.14.313","article-title":"Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibits Toxoplasma gondii growth in fibroblast cells","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Interferon Research"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121886","article-title":"Essential role of IFN-\u03b3 in T cell-associated intestinal inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Eriguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003045","article-title":"Vitamin D is required for IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial activity of human macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Fabri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.4.403","article-title":"Spontaneous release of interferon gamma by intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes in Crohn\u2019s disease. Kinetics of in vitro response to interferon gamma inducers","volume":"32","author":"Fais","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130753","article-title":"Paneth cell extrusion and release of antimicrobial products is directly controlled by immune cell-derived IFN-\u03b3","volume":"211","author":"Farin","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.023","article-title":"Homeostasis and inflammation in the intestine","volume":"140","author":"Garrett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20010938","article-title":"Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells","volume":"195","author":"Gerosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.024","article-title":"The Coming Decade of Cell Death Research: Five Riddles","volume":"177","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.015","article-title":"Autophagy: Suicide Prevention Hotline for the Gut Epithelium","volume":"23","author":"Grizotte-Lake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8785","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8785","article-title":"Gram-negative bacteria aggravate murine small intestinal Th1-type immunopathology following oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"177","author":"Heimesaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.030","article-title":"Starvation compromises Paneth cells","volume":"179","author":"Hodin","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2710","article-title":"Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Hooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.044","article-title":"mTORC1 and SIRT1 Cooperate to Foster Expansion of Gut Adult Stem Cells during Calorie Restriction","volume":"166","author":"Igarashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.11.004","article-title":"Cellular Plasticity of Defa4Cre-Expressing Paneth Cells in Response to Notch Activation and Intestinal Injury","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11627","article-title":"T-bet is a key modulator of IL-23-driven pathogenic CD4(+) T cell responses in the intestine","volume":"7","author":"Krausgruber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaz6821","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3: The T cell\u2019s license to kill stem cells in the inflamed intestine","volume":"4","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405947101","article-title":"IFN-gamma enables cross-presentation of exogenous protein antigen in human Langerhans cells by potentiating maturation","volume":"101","author":"Matsuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.024190","article-title":"T-bet upregulation and subsequent interleukin 12 stimulation are essential for induction of Th1 mediated immunopathology in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170558","article-title":"Autophagy protein ATG16L1 prevents necroptosis in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"214","author":"Matsuzawa-Ishimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.03.001","article-title":"terferon-gamma regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis through converging beta-catenin signaling pathways","volume":"32","author":"Nava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00878.x","article-title":"terferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nitric oxide as toxic effector molecule in chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice","volume":"116","author":"Obermeier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190545","article-title":"Gasdermins and their role in immunity and inflammation","volume":"216","author":"Orning","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70","article-title":"A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(87)92863-7","article-title":"Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon","volume":"1","author":"Panitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1383-0","article-title":"Notum produced by Paneth cells attenuates regeneration of aged intestinal epithelium","volume":"571","author":"Pentinmikko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.10.011","article-title":"Recent advances in inflammasome biology","volume":"50","author":"Place","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Immunology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2508","article-title":"Parasite-induced TH1 cells and intestinal dysbiosis cooperate in IFN-\u03b3-dependent elimination of Paneth cells","volume":"14","author":"Raetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401992","article-title":"A novel model for IFN-\u03b3-mediated autoinflammatory syndromes","volume":"194","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21673","article-title":"terplay between metabolic identities in the intestinal crypt supports stem cell function","volume":"543","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Colman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-278606","article-title":"mTOR disruption causes intestinal epithelial cell defects and intestinal atrophy postinjury in mice","volume":"30","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","article-title":"Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche","volume":"459","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09637","article-title":"Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts","volume":"469","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252","article-title":"terferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions","volume":"75","author":"Schroder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2007.09.018","article-title":"Emerging themes in IFN-gamma-induced macrophage immunity by the p47 and p65 GTPase families","volume":"212","author":"Shenoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00199-5","article-title":"The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity","volume":"4","author":"Shtrichman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay8556","article-title":"T cell-derived interferon-\u03b3 programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage","volume":"4","author":"Takashima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1270","article-title":"p47 GTPases: regulators of immunity to intracellular pathogens","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145971","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms govern populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic viral infection and cancer","volume":"131","author":"Tcyganov","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808723105","article-title":"Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface","volume":"105","author":"Vaishnava","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.009","article-title":"A cluster of interferon-\u03b3-inducible p65 GTPases plays a critical role in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"37","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11163","article-title":"mTORC1 in the Paneth cell niche couples intestinal stem-cell function to calorie intake","volume":"486","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/60478\/elife-60478-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/60478\/elife-60478-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/60478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1697058066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/60478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.60478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60478","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.60478.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.60478.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e60478"}}