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Patients with DD often manifest a left-sided FAA: relatively higher alpha power in the left versus right frontal lobe. Recently, however, multiple studies failed to confirm this effect, questioning its reproducibility. Our purpose is to thoroughly test the validity of FAA in depression by conducting a multiverse analysis \u2013 running many related analyses and testing the sensitivity of the effect to changes in the analytical approach \u2013 on data from five independent studies. Only 13 of the 270 analyses revealed significant results. We conclude the paper by discussing theoretical assumptions underlying the FAA and suggest a list of guidelines for improving and expanding the EEG data analysis in future FAA studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.60595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T07:02:42Z","timestamp":1622012562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["No relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and depressive disorders in a multiverse analysis of five studies"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6042-8215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ko\u0142odziej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-2581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Magnuski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7039-148X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Ruban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-4180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aneta","family":"Brzezicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2003.00149.x","article-title":"The stability of resting frontal electroencephalographic asymmetry in depression","volume":"41","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.05.032","article-title":"EEG alpha asymmetry as a gender-specific predictor of outcome to acute treatment with different antidepressant medications in the randomized iSPOT-D study","volume":"127","author":"Arns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.04.021","article-title":"The neurobiology of the EEG biomarker as a predictor of treatment response in depression","volume":"63","author":"Baskaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib5","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000032","article-title":"EEG asymmetry in borderline personality disorder and depression following rejection","volume":"5","author":"Beeney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/843193","article-title":"Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams","volume-title":"bioRxiv","author":"Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib8","article-title":"MODMA dataset: a Multi-model open dataset for Mental-disorder analysis","volume-title":"arXiv","author":"Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai H, Gao Y, Sun S, Li N, Tian F, Xiao H, Li J. 2020. 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