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Studies of perceptual decision-making have often assumed that sensory cortices provide noisy but otherwise veridical sensory inputs to downstream processes that accumulate and drive decisions. However, sensory processing in even the earliest sensory cortices can be systematically modified by various external and internal contexts. We recorded from neuronal populations across posterior cortex as mice performed a navigational decision-making task based on accumulating randomly timed pulses of visual evidence. Even in V1, only a small fraction of active neurons had sensory-like responses time-locked to each pulse. Here, we focus on how these \u2018cue-locked\u2019 neurons exhibited a variety of amplitude modulations from sensory to cognitive, notably by choice and accumulated evidence. These task-related modulations affected a large fraction of cue-locked neurons across posterior cortex, suggesting that future models of behavior should account for such influences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.60628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T08:09:32Z","timestamp":1606896572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.60628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Amplitude modulations of cortical sensory responses in pulsatile evidence accumulation"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-2475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sue Ann","family":"Koay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6583-6613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephan","family":"Thiberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-561X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos D","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-4267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David W","family":"Tank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"},{"name":"Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.1.53","article-title":"Closed-loop neuronal computations: focus on vibrissa somatosensation in rat","volume":"13","author":"Ahissar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.044","article-title":"Multiplicative and additive modulation of neuronal tuning with population activity affects encoded information","volume":"89","author":"Arandia-Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.08.042","article-title":"Engagement of neural circuits underlying 2D spatial navigation in a rodent virtual reality system","volume":"84","author":"Aronov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.03.005","article-title":"Gain control in the sensorimotor system","volume":"8","author":"Azim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Physiology"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.038","article-title":"Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding","volume":"76","author":"Bastos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.113.4.700","article-title":"The physics of optimal decision making: a formal analysis of models of performance in two-alternative forced-choice tasks","volume":"113","author":"Bogacz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0089-1","article-title":"Feedback determines the structure of correlated variability in primary visual cortex","volume":"21","author":"Bondy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib9","article-title":"BRAIN circuits of coGnitive systems","author":"BRAIN CoGS Collaboration","year":"2017","unstructured":"BRAIN CoGS Collaboration. 2017. 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