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Transmission of vector-borne pathogens to mammals primarily occurs by hematophagous arthropods. It is speculated that blood may provide a unique environment that aids in the replication and pathogenesis of these microbes. Lipids and their derivatives are one component enriched in blood and are essential for microbial survival. For instance, the malarial parasite<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>and the Lyme disease spirochete<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, among others, have been shown to scavenge and manipulate host lipids for structural support, metabolism, replication, immune evasion, and disease severity. In this<jats:italic>Review<\/jats:italic>, we will explore the importance of lipid hijacking for the growth and persistence of these microbes in both mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.61675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T11:00:22Z","timestamp":1603969222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.61675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Lipid hijacking: A unifying theme in vector-borne diseases"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-1344","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anya J","family":"O'Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Rainer","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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