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We tested whether this competition is restricted to acoustic-phonetic interference or if it extends to competition for linguistic processing as well. Neural activity was recorded using Magnetoencephalography as human participants were instructed to attend to natural speech presented to one ear, and task-irrelevant stimuli were presented to the other. Task-irrelevant stimuli consisted either of random sequences of syllables, or syllables structured to form coherent sentences, using hierarchical frequency-tagging. We find that the phrasal structure of structured task-irrelevant stimuli was represented in the neural response in left inferior frontal and posterior parietal regions, indicating that selective attention does not fully eliminate linguistic processing of task-irrelevant speech. Additionally, neural tracking of to-be-attended speech in left inferior frontal regions was enhanced when competing with structured task-irrelevant stimuli, suggesting inherent competition between them for linguistic processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.65096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1620108043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.65096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Linguistic processing of task-irrelevant speech at a cocktail party"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3666-3338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paz","family":"Har-shai Yahav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8831-3188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elana","family":"Zion Golumbic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2628884","article-title":"Dynamic estimation of the auditory temporal response function from MEG in Competing-Speaker environments","volume":"64","author":"Akram","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213238","article-title":"Temporal characteristics of primary-secondary message interference in a dichotic listening task","volume":"4","author":"Ambler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4927410","article-title":"Semantic processing of unattended speech in dichotic listening","volume":"138","author":"Aydelott","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.30.5.1106","article-title":"The irrelevant sound phenomenon revisited: what role for working memory capacity?","volume":"30","author":"Beaman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70450-7","article-title":"From dichotic listening to the irrelevant sound effect: a behavioural and neuroimaging analysis of the processing of unattended speech","volume":"43","author":"Beaman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.21.1.54","article-title":"Semantic processing and memory for attended and unattended words in dichotic listening: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence","volume":"21","author":"Bentin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10","article-title":"CircStat : a MATLAB toolbox for circular statistics","volume":"31","author":"Berens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3693656","article-title":"The influence of non-spatial factors on measures of spatial release from masking","volume":"131","author":"Best","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116925","article-title":"No evidence for differences among language regions in their temporal receptive windows","volume":"219","author":"Blank","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"bib10","volume-title":"Praat : Doing Phonetics by Computer [Computer Program]","author":"Boersma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boersma P. 2011. 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