{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:34:24Z","timestamp":1790728464029,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI125563-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI125563-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32AI00753223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AI00753223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    IL-33 is an alarmin required for resistance to the parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but its role in innate resistance to this organism is unclear. Infection with\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    promotes increased stromal cell expression of IL-33, and levels of parasite replication correlate with release of IL-33 in affected tissues. In response to infection, a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) emerges composed of IL-33R\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells and ILC1s. In\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Rag1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, where NK cells and ILC1 production of IFN-\u03b3 mediate innate resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the loss of the IL-33R resulted in reduced ILC responses and increased parasite replication. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 to\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Rag1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice resulted in a marked decrease in parasite burden, increased production of IFN-\u03b3, and the recruitment and expansion of inflammatory monocytes associated with parasite control. These protective effects of exogenous IL-33 were dependent on endogenous IL-12p40 and the ability of IL-33 to enhance ILC production of IFN-\u03b3. These results highlight that IL-33 synergizes with IL-12 to promote ILC-mediated resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.65614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T08:02:00Z","timestamp":1619769720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.65614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-\u03b3 production required for innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-6000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph T","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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