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We developed a translational mouse model of prenatal methadone exposure (PME) that resembles the typical pattern of opioid use by pregnant women who first use oxycodone then switch to methadone maintenance pharmacotherapy, and subsequently become pregnant while maintained on methadone. We investigated the effects of PME on physical development, sensorimotor behavior, and motor neuron properties using a multidisciplinary approach of physical, biochemical, and behavioral assessments along with brain slice electrophysiology and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Methadone accumulated in the placenta and fetal brain, but methadone levels in offspring dropped rapidly at birth which was associated with symptoms and behaviors consistent with neonatal opioid withdrawal. PME produced substantial impairments in offspring physical growth, activity in an open field, and sensorimotor milestone acquisition. Furthermore, these behavioral alterations were associated with reduced neuronal density in the motor cortex and a disruption in motor neuron intrinsic properties and local circuit connectivity. The present study adds to the limited body of work examining PME by providing a comprehensive, translationally relevant characterization of how PME disrupts offspring physical and neurobehavioral development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.66230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T09:01:39Z","timestamp":1615798899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.66230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prenatal methadone exposure disrupts behavioral development and alters motor neuron intrinsic properties and local circuitry"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-8633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory G","family":"Grecco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States"},{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist 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