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We sequenced 166 mumps virus genomes collected in Washington and other US states, and traced mumps introductions and transmission within Washington. We uncover that mumps was introduced into Washington approximately 13 times, primarily from Arkansas, sparking multiple co-circulating transmission chains. Although age and vaccination status may have impacted transmission, our data set could not quantify their precise effects. Instead, the outbreak in Washington was overwhelmingly sustained by transmission within the Marshallese community. Our findings underscore the utility of genomic data to clarify epidemiologic factors driving transmission and pinpoint contact networks as critical for mumps transmission. These results imply that contact structures and historic disparities may leave populations at increased risk for respiratory virus disease even when a vaccine is effective and widely used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.66448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T08:10:07Z","timestamp":1618819807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.66448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Repeated introductions and intensive community transmission fueled a mumps virus outbreak in Washington State"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-1988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise H","family":"Moncla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","place":["Seattle, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","place":["Seattle, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chas","family":"DeBolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health","place":["Shoreline, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misty","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health","place":["Shoreline, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health","place":["Shoreline, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailyn C","family":"P\u00e9rez-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health","place":["Shoreline, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola F","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","place":["Seattle, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Haselow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Department of Health","place":["Little Rock, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health","place":["Shoreline, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-5794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Trevor","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","place":["Seattle, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903421116","article-title":"Background gamma radiation and soil activity measurements in the northern marshall islands","volume":"116","author":"Abella","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2307\/3576971","article-title":"Serologic markers for hepatitis B among marshallese accidentally exposed to fallout radiation in 1954","volume":"108","author":"Adams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiation Research"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6529a2","article-title":"Mumps outbreak at a university and recommendation for a third dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine - Illinois, 2015-2016","volume":"65","author":"Albertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR. 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