{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:03:37Z","timestamp":1789725817125,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F99 NS108514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F99 NS108514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 NS076437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 NS076437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008335","name":"Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ADHS14-082991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADHS14-082991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS095994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS095994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an intracellular parasite that causes a long-term latent infection of neurons. Using a custom MATLAB-based mapping program in combination with a mouse model that allows us to permanently mark neurons injected with parasite proteins, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    -injected neurons (TINs) are heterogeneously distributed in the brain, primarily localizing to the cortex followed by the striatum. In addition, we determined that cortical TINs are commonly (&gt;50%) excitatory neurons (FoxP2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and that striatal TINs are often (&gt;65%) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) (FoxP2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). By performing single neuron patch clamping on striatal TINs and neighboring uninfected MSNs, we discovered that TINs have highly aberrant electrophysiology. As approximately 90% of TINs will die by 8 weeks post-infection, this abnormal physiology suggests that injection with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein\u2014either directly or indirectly\u2014affects neuronal health and survival. Collectively, these data offer the first insights into which neurons interact with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and how these interactions alter neuron physiology in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.67681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T08:01:26Z","timestamp":1623225686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.67681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Injection with Toxoplasma gondii protein affects neuron health and survival"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Oscar A","family":"Mendez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Flores Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of 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