{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:30:48Z","timestamp":1775709048183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccine hesitancy can limit the benefits of available vaccines in halting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Previously published studies paid little attention to Arab countries, which has a population of over 440 million. In this study, we present the results of the first large-scale multinational study that measures vaccine hesitancy among Arab-speaking subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey in Arabic was conducted from 14 January 2021 to 29 January 2021. It consisted of 17 questions capturing demographic data, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward the need for COVID-19 vaccination and associated health policies, and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. R software v.4.0.2 was used for data analysis and visualization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The survey recruited 36,220 eligible participants (61.1% males, 38.9% females, mean age 32.6 \u00b1 10.8 years) from all the 23 Arab countries and territories (83.4%) and 122 other countries (16.6%). Our analysis shows a significant rate of vaccine hesitancy among Arabs in and outside the Arab region (83% and 81%, respectively). The most cited reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects and distrust in health care policies, vaccine expedited production, published studies and vaccine producing companies. We also found that female participants, those who are 30\u201359 years old, those with no chronic diseases, those with lower level of academic education, and those who do not know the type of vaccine authorized in their countries are more hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. On the other hand, participants who regularly receive the influenza vaccine, health care workers, and those from countries with higher rates of COVID-19 infections showed more vaccination willingness. Interactive representation of our results is posted on our project website at\n                      <jats:ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/mainapp.shinyapps.io\/CVHAA\">https:\/\/mainapp.shinyapps.io\/CVHAA<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show higher vaccine hesitancy and refusal among Arab subjects, related mainly to distrust and concerns about side effects. Health authorities and Arab scientific community have to transparently address these concerns to improve vaccine acceptance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Funding:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study received no funding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.68038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T08:03:00Z","timestamp":1622102580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.68038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["A high rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a large-scale survey on Arabs"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-0757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eyad A","family":"Qunaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University","place":["Jerash, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-7956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology and Omics, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University","place":["Thunder Bay, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Basheti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-1565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iyad","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Jordan","place":["Amman, Jordan"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Cancer Care Informatics Program, King Hussein Cancer Center","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00827-7","article-title":"Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitude of Egyptians Towards the Novel Coronavirus Disease\u00a0(COVID-19)","volume":"45","author":"Abdelhafiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S276771","article-title":"Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a Web-Based national survey","volume":"13","author":"Al-Mohaithef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32642-8","article-title":"The COVID-19 vaccines rush: participatory community engagement matters more than ever","volume":"397","author":"Burgess","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-03563-z","article-title":"Arab nations first to approve chinese COVID vaccine - 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