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The extent to which such activity is comprised of transient fluctuations that reflect the dynamic coordination of underlying neurons, however, remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously record iEEG, local field potential (LFP), and single unit activity in the human temporal cortex. We demonstrate that fast oscillations within the previously identified 80\u2013120 Hz ripple band contribute to broadband high-frequency activity in the human cortex. These ripple oscillations exhibit a spectrum of amplitudes and durations related to the amount of underlying neuronal spiking. Ripples in the macro-scale iEEG are related to the number and synchrony of ripples in the micro-scale LFP, which in turn are related to the synchrony of neuronal spiking. Our data suggest that neural activity in the human temporal lobe is organized into transient bouts of ripple oscillations that reflect underlying bursts of spiking activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.68401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T07:18:22Z","timestamp":1636960702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.68401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Ripples reflect a spectrum of synchronous spiking activity in human anterior temporal lobe"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2771-9504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ai Phuong S","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex 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