{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1791353008861,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"NWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006753","name":"AMC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Corona Research Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Corona Research Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exact immunopathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) remains clouded by a general lack of relevant disease controls. The scarcity of single-cell investigations in the broader population of patients with CAP renders it difficult to distinguish immune features unique to COVID-19 from the common characteristics of a dysregulated host response to pneumonia. We performed integrated single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a matched cohort of eight patients with COVID-19, eight patients with CAP caused by Influenza A or other pathogens, and four non-infectious control subjects. Using this balanced, multi-omics approach, we describe shared and diverging transcriptional and phenotypic patterns\u2014including increased levels of type I interferon-stimulated natural killer cells in COVID-19, cytotoxic CD8 T EMRA cells in both COVID-19 and influenza, and distinctive monocyte compositions between all groups\u2014and thereby expand our understanding of the peripheral immune response in different etiologies of pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.69661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T10:00:19Z","timestamp":1629453619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.69661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Integrated single-cell analysis unveils diverging immune features of COVID-19, influenza, and other community-acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9322-1117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex 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