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Prognosis is poor if therapy is initiated after an early critical period. However, clinical observations have shown that recovery from amblyopia can occur later in life when the non-deprived (fellow) eye is removed. The traditional interpretation of this finding is that vision is improved simply by the elimination of interocular suppression in primary visual cortex, revealing responses to previously subthreshold input. However, an alternative explanation is that silencing activity in the fellow eye establishes conditions in visual cortex that enable the weak connections from the amblyopic eye to gain strength, in which case the recovery would persist even if vision is restored in the fellow eye. Consistent with this idea, we show here in cats and mice that temporary inactivation of the fellow eye is sufficient to promote a full and enduring recovery from amblyopia at ages when conventional treatments fail. Thus, connections serving the amblyopic eye are capable of substantial plasticity beyond the critical period, and this potential is unleashed by reversibly silencing the fellow eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T11:29:01Z","timestamp":1630409341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.70023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Correction of amblyopia in cats and mice after the critical period"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2336-4531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming-fai","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["Cambridge, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3871-3287","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin R","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison P","family":"Leet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["Cambridge, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian T","family":"Candler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["Cambridge, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-2541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark F","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["Cambridge, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6898","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7701","article-title":"Human crb1-associated retinal degeneration: Comparison with the RD8 crb1-mutant mouse model","volume":"52","author":"Aleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0221-4","article-title":"Differences in the distribution, phenotype and gene expression of subretinal microglia\/macrophages in C57BL\/6N (Crb1 rd8\/rd8) versus C57BL6\/J (Crb1 wt\/wt) mice","volume":"12","author":"Aredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20111","article-title":"Evolution of osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain","volume":"539","author":"Ataman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1002648202420","article-title":"Do\u2019s and don\u2019ts in Fourier analysis of steady-state potentials","volume":"99","author":"Bach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmologica. 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