{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:42:21Z","timestamp":1792176141709,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI145974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI145974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI108765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI108765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI135437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI135437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI104002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI104002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI118916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI118916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI145296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI145296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI127463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI127463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI100625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI100625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI106677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI106677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM007270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM007270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI140530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI140530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL007312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD026741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD026741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000884","name":"Cancer Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many host RNA sensors are positioned in the cytosol to detect viral RNA during infection. However, most positive-strand RNA viruses replicate within a modified organelle co-opted from intracellular membranes of the endomembrane system, which shields viral products from cellular innate immune sensors. Targeting innate RNA sensors to the endomembrane system may enhance their ability to sense RNA generated by viruses that use these compartments for replication. Here, we reveal that an isoform of oligoadenylate synthetase 1, OAS1 p46, is prenylated and targeted to the endomembrane system. Membrane localization of OAS1 p46 confers enhanced access to viral replication sites and results in increased antiviral activity against a subset of RNA viruses including flaviviruses, picornaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, our human genetic analysis shows that the\n                    <jats:italic>OAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    splice-site SNP responsible for production of the OAS1 p46 isoform correlates with protection from severe COVID-19. This study highlights the importance of endomembrane targeting for the antiviral specificity of OAS1 and suggests that early control of SARS-CoV-2 replication through OAS1 p46 is an important determinant of COVID-19 severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.71047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1627977632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.71047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Endomembrane targeting of human OAS1 p46 augments antiviral activity"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-0190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank W","family":"Soveg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-7162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandan S","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-6239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Cerosaletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian R","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erola","family":"Pairo-Castineira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison M","family":"Kell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-658X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adriana","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivam A","family":"Zaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9027-0391","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharina","family":"Esser-Nobis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin A","family":"Roby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien-Ying","family":"Hsiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Ozarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-0247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Clingan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2337-2889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eileen T","family":"McAnarney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-6510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy EL","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-4272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cate","family":"Speake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiraag","family":"Balu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7346-5835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric J","family":"Allenspach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-1672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet D","family":"Menachery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2850-6121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saumendra N","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4630-403X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua J","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-1113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel B","family":"Stetson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5258-793X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John Kenneth","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane H","family":"Buckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Michael","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-1355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ram","family":"Savan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"},{"name":"Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.038","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 induces mtDNA release to activate innate immune signaling via cGAS-STING","volume":"74","author":"Aarreberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0556-1","article-title":"Regulation of cGAS- and RLR-mediated immunity to nucleic acids","volume":"21","author":"Ablasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202486","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to type I IFNs can underlie adverse reactions to yellow fever live attenuated vaccine","volume":"218","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1086\/429391","article-title":"Variation in antiviral 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5'AS) enzyme activity is controlled by a single-nucleotide polymorphism at a splice-acceptor site in the OAS1 gene","volume":"76","author":"Bonnevie-Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282","article-title":"A trial of Lopinavir\u2013Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.001","article-title":"Recurrent Loss-of-Function mutations reveal costs to OAS1 antiviral activity in primates","volume":"25","author":"Carey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.45","article-title":"Viral evasion of intracellular DNA and RNA sensing","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/330587a0","article-title":"Constitutive expression of (2'-5') oligo A synthetase confers resistance to Picornavirus infection","volume":"330","author":"Chebath","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.014","article-title":"Ultrastructural characterization of zika virus replication factories","volume":"18","author":"Cortese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-00994-9","article-title":"Plasma exchange to rescue patients with autoantibodies against type I interferons and Life-Threatening COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"41","author":"de Prost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2010.01037.x","article-title":"Evaluation of alkyne-modified isoprenoids as chemical reporters of protein prenylation","volume":"76","author":"DeGraw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemical Biology & Drug Design"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06605.x","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism at exon 7 splice acceptor site of OAS1 gene determines response of hepatitis C virus patients to interferon therapy","volume":"26","author":"El Awady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.10.016","article-title":"The Flvr-encoded murine oligoadenylate synthetase 1b (Oas1b) suppresses 2-5A synthesis in intact cells","volume":"409","author":"Elbahesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33220","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.52.33220","article-title":"Enzymatic activity of 2\u2032\u20135\u2032-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Is Impaired by Specific Mutations that Affect Oligomerization of the Protein","volume":"272","author":"Ghosh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249845","article-title":"Structure of human RNase L reveals the basis for regulated RNA decay in the IFN response","volume":"343","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.043","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in host antiviral genes: associations with humoral and cellular immunity to measles vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15314","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0509503","article-title":"Peptide specificity of protein prenyltransferases is determined mainly by reactivity rather than binding affinity","volume":"44","author":"Hartman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3719","article-title":"OAS proteins and cGAS: unifying concepts in sensing and responding to cytosolic nucleic acids","volume":"14","author":"Hornung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14222","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01763-14","article-title":"The 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3 enzyme potently synthesizes the 2'-5'-oligoadenylates required for RNase L activation","volume":"88","author":"Ibsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-009-9299-1","article-title":"Evolution of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family in eukaryotes and Bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Kjaer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Evolution"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-15-33","article-title":"Mitochondrial localization of the OAS1 p46 isoform associated with a common single nucleotide polymorphism","volume":"15","author":"Kj\u00e6r","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11898","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01003-10","article-title":"Extracellular 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase stimulates RNase L-independent antiviral activity: a novel mechanism of virus-induced innate immunity","volume":"84","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3291","article-title":"DNA tumor virus oncogenes antagonize the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway","volume":"350","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.030","article-title":"Viral generated Inter-Organelle contacts redirect lipid flux for genome replication","volume":"178","author":"Laufman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519657113","article-title":"Activation of RNase L is dependent on OAS3 expression during infection with diverse human viruses","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006820","article-title":"Identification of a sj\u00f6gren's syndrome susceptibility locus at OAS1 that influences isoform switching, protein expression, and responsiveness to type I interferons","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Genetics"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000321","article-title":"Genetic variation in OAS1 is a risk factor for initial infection with west nile virus in man","volume":"5","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Pathogens"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902728","article-title":"Distinct antiviral roles for human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family members against dengue virus infection","volume":"183","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17931-9","article-title":"A functional variant in the OAS1 gene is associated with sj\u00f6gren's syndrome complicated with HBV infection","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2015.03.012","article-title":"The activation mechanism of 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase gives new insights into OAS\/cGAS triggers of innate immunity","volume":"23","author":"Loh\u00f6fener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.09.003","article-title":"Cholesterol manipulation by west nile virus perturbs the cellular immune response","volume":"2","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06042","article-title":"Small self-RNA generated by RNase L amplifies antiviral innate immunity","volume":"448","author":"Malathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw643","article-title":"Visualizing the geography of genetic variants","volume":"33","author":"Marcus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00420-18","article-title":"The origin, dynamic morphology, and PI4P-Independent formation of encephalomyocarditis virus replication organelles","volume":"9","author":"Melia","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00951-19","article-title":"Origins of Enterovirus replication organelles established by Whole-Cell electron microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Melia","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602184103","article-title":"The primary function of RNA binding by the influenza A virus NS1 protein in infected cells: inhibiting the 2'-5' oligo (A) synthetase\/RNase L pathway","volume":"103","author":"Min","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005428","article-title":"The Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Membranous Web and Associated Nuclear Transport Machinery Limit Access of Pattern Recognition Receptors to Viral Replication Sites","volume":"12","author":"Neufeldt","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Pathogens"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ebdd2b","article-title":"OAS1: a multiple sclerosis susceptibility gene that influences disease severity","volume":"75","author":"O'Brien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03065-y","article-title":"Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19","volume":"591","author":"Pairo-Castineira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.3390\/v6072826","article-title":"Membranous replication factories induced by plus-strand RNA viruses","volume":"6","author":"Romero-Brey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1098-6","article-title":"Adaptively introgressed neandertal haplotype at the OAS locus functionally impacts innate immune responses in humans","volume":"17","author":"Sams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25535","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.36.25535","article-title":"The nature of the catalytic domain of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases","volume":"274","author":"Sarkar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0527-6","article-title":"RNA-binding protein isoforms ZAP-S and ZAP-L have distinct antiviral and immune resolution functions","volume":"20","author":"Schwerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12720","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01471-07","article-title":"Viral encounters with 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and RNase L during the interferon antiviral response","volume":"81","author":"Silverman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv321","article-title":"High Anti\u2013Dengue Virus Activity of the OAS Gene Family Is Associated With Increased Severity of Dengue","volume":"212","author":"Simon-Loriere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000715","article-title":"A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: tracking down RNA synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Snijder","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00258-16","article-title":"Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus NS4b protein inhibits host RNase L activation","volume":"7","author":"Thornbrough","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.11","article-title":"Protein prenylation: unique fats make their mark on biology","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34379","article-title":"The golgi associated ERI3 is a Flavivirus host factor","volume":"6","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6650","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.9.6650-6661.1997","article-title":"Ultrastructure of kunjin virus-infected cells: colocalization of NS1 and NS3 with double-stranded RNA, and of NS2B with NS3, in virus-induced membrane structures","volume":"71","author":"Westaway","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108234","article-title":"Evasion of type I interferon by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.011","article-title":"Antagonism of the interferon-induced OAS-RNase L pathway by murine coronavirus ns2 protein is required for virus replication and liver pathology","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/71047\/elife-71047-v2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/71047\/elife-71047-v2.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/71047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:20:47Z","timestamp":1697059247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/71047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.71047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.71047","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.04.21.440697","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.04.21.440697","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.71047.sa1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.71047.sa2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"e71047"}}